tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77771382220730850802024-02-07T18:18:32.664-06:00The Roaring TwentiesA Research Project Composed by Honors American Literature II Students at Collin CollegeLisa Kirbyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14599621681971835364noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-54733013073609846462013-05-08T09:46:00.000-05:002013-05-16T19:14:52.718-05:00Stock Market Crash and The Great Depression<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Will Be Up <span style="font-size: large;">by Monday Morning</span>..<span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Thank <span style="font-size: large;">You For Visiting.</span> </span></span></span></b><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16455832915835151466noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-76484050305506053292013-05-02T21:30:00.000-05:002013-05-02T21:30:36.055-05:00<h2>
<span style="color: #444444;">Langston Hughes: A Legacy to Remember</span></h2>
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">"I have discovered in life
that there are ways of getting almost anywhere you want to go, if you really
want to go." – Langston Hughes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h3>
<b>An Overview</b></h3>
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Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in a town in
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<h4>
“Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die,<br />life is a broken
winged<br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt;">bird that cannot fly.” – Langston Hughes</span></h4>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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After Hughes graduated High School, he went to Mexico for
one year to live with his father. When Hughes was with his father in Mexico,
his poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” got published into a magazine, in which
it received much praise. Hughes left Mexico and decided to return to the states
where he would then study at Colombia University. Hughes did not finish school
and dropped out in 1922 and began working various jobs in New York for the next
year. He then lived in Paris a couple of years later, where he continued his
passion of poetry. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Hughes came back to the United States in 1924 and continued
working more odd jobs. When Hughes was working as a busboy in Washington D.C.
he met the famous Vachel Lindsay. Hughes then showed Lindsay some of his poems,
and lucky enough for him, Lindsay began promoting Hughes’s poetry. Hughes won
first prize in a magazine competition for his poem, “The Weary Blues.” <o:p></o:p></div>
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He received a scholarship and began studying at Lincoln
University in Pennsylvania. Langston continued to write and publish poetry, as
well as win awards. After he graduated from Lincoln, Hughes published his first
novel, <i>Not Without Laughter.</i> Hughes
continued writing as well as doing lectures all over the world. In addition to
poetry and novels, Hughes also started publishing short stories. Interestingly
enough, Hughes also wrote for the <i>Chicago
Defender</i>. Hughes continued to show his versatility, and even helped write
lyrics for Broadway. He began teaching creative writing at Atlanta University
while be a guest speaker in Chicago. <o:p></o:p></div>
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In 1949, Hughes wrote a play that was said to inspire the
opera named, <i>Troubled Island.</i> Hughes
continued to publish works left and right as his life progressed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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On May 22, 1967, Hughes unfortunately passed away due to
complications with prostate cancer. Although Hughes has passed on, his works
continue to live and prosper throughout the world today.</div>
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<h3>
<b>Some Recognized Works</b></h3>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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“The Negro Speaks of Rivers” – A poem Hughes wrote that was
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<br /></div>
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“The Weary Blues” – A poem Hughes wrote that received first
place in the <i>Opportunity </i>magazine
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“Not Without Laughter” – Hughes first published novel.<o:p></o:p></div>
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"What happens to a dream deferred?<br /> Does it dry up like a raisin?<br /> Or does it explode?" - Langston Hughes</h4>
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<b>More Than Just A Poet</b></h3>
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When someone mentions the name, Langston Hughes, generally
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Langston Hughes wrote…<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>A Few Awards/Recognitions </b></h3>
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<b><o:p></o:p></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">In 1963 Hughes received his doctorate from Howard University.</span></div>
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Hughes has a middle school named after him in Reston, Virginia. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">In New York City
the Landmarks </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Preservation Commission and
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">These are just a few of the
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">"Hold fast to dreams for when</span> dreams go life is a barren field<br /> frozen with snow." - Langston Hughes</h4>
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<b>An Insight</b></h3>
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When reading some of Hughes poems it is easy to understand
why he is so well know for them. Hughes does such a great job of not only being
clear, but also he has the ability to paint a picture so well in you head. It
is almost as if one can see the feelings that Hughes is trying to get across. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Although it sounds </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">cliché,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> I personally feel that Drake's new hit single "Started From the Bottom" truly relates to Langston Hughes life. Hughes was not born into a 'normal' family, he moved around a lot, worked odd jobs and when he found something that he was truly passionate about, he pursued it and made it his life's work and has left his legacy on this earth. As Eleanor Roosevelt said, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams." </span></h4>
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<span style="line-height: 21px; text-indent: -24px;">Biography. "Langston Hughes." Biography.com N.P. N.D. Web.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 21px;">http://www.poemhunter.com/langston-hughes/biography/</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 20.997560501098633px;">http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/langston-hughes</span></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->YaBoiiAdamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04236161079235066026noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-90764154550085729202013-04-23T22:38:00.000-05:002013-04-23T22:38:00.681-05:00Nella Larsen: Passing through Time<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmInqmNpYWBOgvuu6bXBSk-EyTzWyQ70sicAEfJAPBdzHe7M3_2YCcU8V8BovAlvc-MH08xcUZouN7WXHhvrSnQI7d1o07_MYLRAcIGY3W89Qp4N1nhJcKD3rUm73CsT99zSNALfOfFTCB/s1600/larson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmInqmNpYWBOgvuu6bXBSk-EyTzWyQ70sicAEfJAPBdzHe7M3_2YCcU8V8BovAlvc-MH08xcUZouN7WXHhvrSnQI7d1o07_MYLRAcIGY3W89Qp4N1nhJcKD3rUm73CsT99zSNALfOfFTCB/s320/larson.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>"Can identity be viewed other than as a
by-product of a manhandling of life, one that, in fact, refers no more to a
consistent patter of sameness than to an inconsequential process of
otherness?"</i>--Trinh T. Minh-ha</blockquote>
<h2>
<b><span style="color: #680072; font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></b></h2>
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<b><span style="color: #680072; font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Biography</span></span></b></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNITYI5E8KjT72F9rOGDmawIJKQaR2ZcPmuF-J4fO9xEkB8ABZIGpH5Zw5zzEQ6ccCnbNnHNm9MGnaHssnbHQrb9Y6PdvblMPhz7-v5cGq8zEkOZOI-Ia2l0eMs9J54u7ITQr6LKHJCFsT/s1600/images-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNITYI5E8KjT72F9rOGDmawIJKQaR2ZcPmuF-J4fO9xEkB8ABZIGpH5Zw5zzEQ6ccCnbNnHNm9MGnaHssnbHQrb9Y6PdvblMPhz7-v5cGq8zEkOZOI-Ia2l0eMs9J54u7ITQr6LKHJCFsT/s1600/images-1.jpeg" /></a><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Nella Larsen was born Nellie Walker on April 13th,
1891. Her mother was Mary Hanson Walker and her father was Peter Walker. her
mother was a white Danish woman and her father was a black man from West India.
Shortly after Larsen was born, her parents divorced, her father died, and her
mother remarried a white man names Peter Larson. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">There is speculation about whether or not her
parents actually divorced. Larsen would tell people that her father had died
and that her mother remarried the white man. Some theorize that Peter Larson
was the same man, just 'passing' as white in Chicago in order to get a job
working with the Chicago Railway. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Larsen grew up in Chicago and attended public
school until Peter Larson enrolled her in Fisk University's Normal School in 1907.
At this point in her life, Larsen lost contact with her mother and stepfather.
As expected, her mother basically abandoned her too-dark daughter in an attempt
to reinstate her white social standing. This may, in part, be a cause for
why Larsen put so much of her personal turmoil into her writings. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Between 1912 and 1915, Larsen trained as a nurse in
New York and, upon her graduation, went to Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to
work as head nurse at John Andrew Memorial Hospital and Nurse Training School. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">In 1916, Larsen returned to New York and worked as
a nurse. She met Elmer Samuel Imes, an African American physicist and they
married in 1919. She began officially writing in 1920 when she left nursing and
became a librarian. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlHwNwEQ15niyVz9YSO-rD-KkbaQXV_NPM7jOlLNEfFX9b3V0MhzOYkFrMCZdF0eYP0fJ2KnRg4hiRiYIjsj8_F9zNJxxfSx3QR7Y_Tf3DNq7FuZ7V3V6_m5JbmdQdAnt5qAAgAM46vwpT/s1600/images-4.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlHwNwEQ15niyVz9YSO-rD-KkbaQXV_NPM7jOlLNEfFX9b3V0MhzOYkFrMCZdF0eYP0fJ2KnRg4hiRiYIjsj8_F9zNJxxfSx3QR7Y_Tf3DNq7FuZ7V3V6_m5JbmdQdAnt5qAAgAM46vwpT/s1600/images-4.jpeg" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">By 1926, she had made many influential friends of
the Harlem arts movement--of course renamed the Harlem Renaissance--and she
left the library to became fully devoted to developing her writing. Larsen
published two short stories in 1926 and then published <i>Quicksand </i>in
1927. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">In 1928 Larsen published <i>Passing</i>. She was
rumored to be working on three other novels but none were accepted by
publishers. One such book was titled <i>Mirage </i>and was about a love
triangle...but it never took off. In 1929, her last published work, a short
story called "Sanctuary" was accused of being plagiarized and her
writing fell to the wayside. In that same year, she filed for divorce against
her husband, who had been carrying on an affair for some time. By 1934, Larsen
retreated into obscurity. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;">Larsen then</span><span style="font-family: Times;"> to nursing at the Gouverneur
Hospital where she worked for over 30 years under the name Nella Imes. During
this time, some people reported that she was "passing" like the
characters in her book while staying in New York. She was rumored to have
tried to keep in touch with her white relatives, but they refused to
acknowledge her and completely denied her existence. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">In 1964 on March 30th, six months after she retired
from night supervisor at the Gouverneur Hospital, she was found dead in her
apartment. She died alone, and her eulogy did not even include her influence
over the Harlem Renaissance. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>
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<h2>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Larsen's Works</span></span></h2>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>"Quicksand is the best piece of fiction that Negro America has produced since the hey day of [Charles Waddell] Chesnutt</i>" --W.E.B. Du Bois </blockquote>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Her published works are characterized by elements of class issues, racial tensions, and gender roles. Larsen expresses these social problems through common themes of personal identity, marriage, and motherhood. Larsen also alluded often to her own struggles in her works. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">In <i>Quicksand, </i>Larsen explored the mockery that surrounded the 'fad' regarding African American expression. While she truly started to gain momentum towards the slow down of the Harlem Renaissance, she sought to mock the white interest in "primitive black culture". Larsen felt that the mainstream interest that people were taking in "exotic" African works. Larsen knew that they, white audiences just wanted to be entertained with what they felt black Americans should offer. She wrote the character of Helga with the pretense of portraying a woman who knew the consequences of acting exotic. Initially, the character enjoys all the attention, but after awhile started to feel more like a decorated pet rather than a person. In a letter to Carl Van Vechten, Larsen described a luncheon with a few "fays" (Harlem slang for whites) and she talked about how they were keenly dissapointed when they found out she had not been born in the jungle! Apparently she entertained them with made up stories about her childhood in the bush. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">In <i>Passing, </i>Larsen further reiterates her points about racial prejudice. According to Carla Kaplan, where <i>Quicksand </i>destabilizes racial attitudes, <i>Passing </i>questions the idea of race--stating that it is the most powerful and dangerous fiction ever created. The novel presents the ridiculous contradictions in which our very ideas about race are built upon, and still makes the readers want the racial identities its questioning. Race then, always lives in the space between what people think they want and what they think they believe in. At least as presented by Larsen throughout the novel. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">While her writings are few, she is credited for creating "modernist psychological interiority, expanding our uses of irony, challenging marriage and middle-class domesticity, complexly interrogating gender, race, and sexual identity, and for redeploying traditional tropes--such as that of the tragic mulatta--with a contemporary and critical twist" (Intro ix). </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<h2>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;">Larsen's Influence</span></h2>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>"Our passion for categorization, life neatly fitted into pegs, has led to unforeseen, paradoxical distress; confusion, a breakdown of meaning. Those categories which are meant to define and control the world for us have boomeranged into chaos; in which limbo we swirl, cluthcing the straws of or definition. We find ourselves bound, first without, then within, by the nature of our categorization"</i> --James Baldwin, <i>Notes of a Native Son</i> </span></blockquote>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Today, Larsen is seen as one of the key figures in the African-American, modernist and feminist literary canons. Above all else, her work is now prized for its portrayal of black female subjectivity and for its portrayal of the social and psychological challenged caused when identity categories break down. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;">My Thoughts</span></h2>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Nella Larsen's work represents more than simply a piece of long forgotten Harlem glory; her work forces her audiences to stare at the dirtiest grim that American society is covered with. Larsen, through her extremely short literary career manages to portray the human condition so eloquently while still unsettling the nachos I ate for dinner. She presents an everyday struggle that she, and those like her had to live with. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Wanting to pass as white floors me. I tried to picture the need to want to change my color, who I am, in order to feel like I belonged, like I was respected. The concept of racial identity is not something that should be taken lightly. I felt that at some point, each and everyone of us has felt the disappointment of feeling out of place and unwanted. That basic need for relations and connections within society, on equal terms of course, is still in turmoil today. People desire to be more than they are: they want what will always be outside of reach, and in that way i can relate to wanting to 'pass' for lack of a better options of social freedom. Whiteness, in the case of Larsen's portrayal of the human condition, is the epitome of everything socially desired. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuX0jifDe0_-edcHE8g8GNRpeJHlJichbLOHTJzReqCCcqRgdBYUATcReS6krwP0KVXdXT3osgjef7p8c3m5HQunVUFWTrOWLrqwXI2LYj69mAWCJrxNOFVw7lE1LOTxCmlJgCORZqdFfd/s1600/images-2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuX0jifDe0_-edcHE8g8GNRpeJHlJichbLOHTJzReqCCcqRgdBYUATcReS6krwP0KVXdXT3osgjef7p8c3m5HQunVUFWTrOWLrqwXI2LYj69mAWCJrxNOFVw7lE1LOTxCmlJgCORZqdFfd/s1600/images-2.jpeg" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Passing...passing...if I keep saying the word out loud its going to make me cringe. Larsen named her most influential book with an adjective. That ridiculous "ing" at the end of the word makes it feel like it is constantly a work in progress...never to be concluded, tied up, left alone, allowed peace. That stupid "ing" leaves the word in motion. What then, is she saying about humanity in that one propelling word? What is she saying about the upward battle people face in acceptance of anything and everyone different than themselves? Larsen, who even identifies herself as a fatalist, implies that there's never going to be resolution. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-size: large;">Works Cited</span></h2>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Barnes, Paula C. "Nella Larsen." Critical
Survey of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition (n.d.): n. pag. EBSCO. Web.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></h2>
Kaplan, Carla. "Nella Larsen's Erotics of
Race." Introduction. <i>Passing</i>. New York: Norton &, 2007.Ix-Xxvii. Print.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Cambria;"><a href="http://brbl-archive.library.yale.edu/exhibitions/cvvpw/gallery/larsen.html">http://brbl-archive.library.yale.edu/exhibitions/cvvpw/gallery/larsen.html</a></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Cambria;"><a href="http://voices.cla.umn.edu/artistpages/larson_nella.php">http://voices.cla.umn.edu/artistpages/larson_nella.php</a></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Cambria;"><a href="http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Larsen_Nella.html">http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Larsen_Nella.html</a></span><br />
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<!--EndFragment-->Courtney Gingerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07322025056221561463noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-74220780633163867932013-04-16T21:45:00.001-05:002013-04-17T07:26:37.801-05:00Dr. Alain LeRoy Locke<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 28.0pt;">Dr. Alain
Leroy Locke</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><img height="394" id="irc_mi" src="http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/L/Alain-LeRoy-Locke-37962-1-402.jpg" style="margin-top: 0px;" width="394" /></span></h2>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">"We're going to let our children know that the only
philosophers that lived were not Plato and Aristotle, but W.E.B. Du Bois and
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">- Dr. Martin
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></h2>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Introduction</span></h2>
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</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">As
a Philosopher and an intellect, Alain LeRoy Locke was an enormously
influential figure of his and any time. His philosophical theory,
"Cultural Pluralism" was already matured and influencing many when he
received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1918. Almost 100 years later, his ideas and
convictions are as applicable, resounding and inspirational. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">He
was the epicenter of the Harlem Renaissance and his legacy will forever be
linked to it and the artists he promoted as well as the cultural awakening it produced and the Civil Rights movement it fostered. <span style="font-size: small;">As powerful and <span style="font-size: small;">influential as the Harlem Renaissance was to the African American movem<span style="font-size: small;">ent<span style="font-size: small;">, it is only a fraction of Dr. <span style="font-size: small;">Locke's</span> accomplishments. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Soft spoken, direct
and strong in his convictions based upon his deep intellectual reasoning, he
was a persuasive communicator that cast influence upon the consciousness of
race in America as directly and with as much benign and gentle force as the moon on the
tides.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.aaregistry.org/aareg_files/event_images/ALocke.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" id="irc_mi" src="http://www.aaregistry.org/aareg_files/event_images/ALocke.gif" style="margin-top: 114px;" width="118" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span>Childhood</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">In the same year the Statue of Liberty was dedicated, Locke
was born into a family that valued education and was blessed with innate
intellect. His grandfather had been a free man and was an educator,
himself educated at Cambridge University. His father graduated from Howard
University with a degree in law and his mother was a teacher.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> (Washington)</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Alain
was their only child, and while his father passed on when he was but six years
old, the home environment was cultured and sophisticated. His mother supported
herself and Alain with her teaching position and made education a priority for
her son. Early in his childhood, Alain fell ill with a fever that damaged his
heart and restricted his physical activities. Instead, his childhood was filled
with the piano, the violin and voracious reading.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Reuben)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span>The Genius Revealed</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR4iuHY5ZroRyLABdR35pw3jYch07OrSGFG837BhjCl4XZKj_zmcw" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" class="rg_i" data-sz="f" name="KlForD1uiiL0sM:" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR4iuHY5ZroRyLABdR35pw3jYch07OrSGFG837BhjCl4XZKj_zmcw" style="height: 188px; margin-top: 0px; width: 145px;" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harvard Graduation, 1918</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Alain
graduated high school in 1902, second in his class. He then studied at the
Philadelphia School of Pedagogy becoming first in his class<span style="font-size: small;">, earning a Bachelors of Arts</span>. He then studied at Harvard; while there he completed the four year program in three,
was elected to Phi Beta Kappa<span style="font-size: small;"> and </span>graduated Magna Cum Laude, earning his secon<span style="font-size: small;">d bachelors de<span style="font-size: small;">gree.<span style="font-size: x-small;">(Linneman)</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">The
preceding list of accomplishments are extraordinary and rare and made doubly so
by the fact that Alain was a black man accomplishing them in the era of Jim Crow Laws.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span> </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While many white American scholars
were seeking to prove the intellectual inferiority of African Americans to
justify racial segregation, Locke became a symbol of achievement and a powerful
argument for offering African Americans equal opportunity at white educational
institutions” </span></i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(Carter</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">On
the heels of his masterful performance at Harvard, he was named the first
African American Rhodes Scholar; one of many firsts that Alain Locke would
achieve. While at Oxford, he would receive a degree in literature and then go
on to study advanced philosophy at the University of Berlin. He would later return to Harvard and<span style="font-size: small;"> earn a doctorate in philosophy in 1918. </span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Philosophy</span></span> </span></span></span></h2>
<br />
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</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Locke's</span> philosophy centered on the concept that racial differences were healthy and necessary in a cultural<span style="font-size: small;">y plural democracy. That each group can and should identify with its own unique culture and history, recognize those values in others, while contributing to the democracy as an equal and contemporary. <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Reuben)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">His intellect and mastery of communication and a non-confrontational yet armor clad truth compelled white America to recog<span style="font-size: small;">nize and accept him as an example of "Negro potential" while simultaneously putting <span style="font-size: small;">black America on notice that they were more than what they had been<span style="font-size: small;">. It was time for them to shed ideas forced upon them,should<span style="font-size: small;">er the weight of forging new identities and participate in <span style="font-size: small;">the </span>American<span style="font-size: small;"> experience. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Harlem Renaissance</span></b></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRBOR6e2UjXnzP86pxra90R3jCNlmOSQ325jipTsiXCgK8_SOr_Hiwxvn79wHkwzc6QZf1QbcVtCcoyYhtfeoPp_Q1aAiA_IOiVO7d7rFUyrIwX18iy_HG7ZdYAfa0_tlpMg-3uGUniNk/s1600/Locke.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRBOR6e2UjXnzP86pxra90R3jCNlmOSQ325jipTsiXCgK8_SOr_Hiwxvn79wHkwzc6QZf1QbcVtCcoyYhtfeoPp_Q1aAiA_IOiVO7d7rFUyrIwX18iy_HG7ZdYAfa0_tlpMg-3uGUniNk/s320/Locke.gif" width="244" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As
per his philosophical creed, Locke believed that the expression of the African
American through art, music and poetry would be a liberating influence for both
blacks and whites alike. He believed it would open the eyes of the oppressed
black youth and give them something to aspire to as well as open the eyes of
the whites to the fallacy of their attitudes towards the black community.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">He strived to make the black population understand that they were not the things that others had held them to be or had told them they were. He wanted his people to shed those ideas and become themselves, proud in their uniqueness, satisfied with their efforts for personal excellence and secure in their place in the world.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">“The pulse of the Negro world has begun to beat in Harlem.” - Locke</span></h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">His article in "<i>Survey Graphic</i>" reported a movement underway in black Harlem. An emerging middle class that had time on its hands, disposable income and an interest in the arts.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> The article that later became a book, was the launchpad for the Harlem Renaissance, read by thousands and thousands of black youth.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The
"<i>New Negro</i>" became the symbol of a new era, documenting the social and cultural
innovations of the younger African American generation. It contributed to a
growing race consciousness, self-confidence,</span> <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">and sophistication of an increasingly urbanized African
American population.<span style="font-size: x-small;"> (Carter)</span></span></div>
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He spotlighted young talents that he was actively supporting and promoting. Artists like; Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Zora N. Hurston and many others. </span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/78442669.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="motley" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-17" height="228" src="http://group5art.edublogs.org/files/2010/03/motley1-300x228.jpg" title="motley" width="300" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFWs4n9IbsTgdfFeo8_g6GEM4HF0pBYXs9x8pt3jlF1AqDNql-o4r13TmF4dm2XQZuzgqO5wVgw_qXf67nGp1kFLcmiywEQzLmvMxcPwzBKfge3QIrmxSj6NiJLCTCbY7b9U_vFIacS1B4/s1600/-Louis_Armstrong_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" id="irc_mi" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFWs4n9IbsTgdfFeo8_g6GEM4HF0pBYXs9x8pt3jlF1AqDNql-o4r13TmF4dm2XQZuzgqO5wVgw_qXf67nGp1kFLcmiywEQzLmvMxcPwzBKfge3QIrmxSj6NiJLCTCbY7b9U_vFIacS1B4/s200/-Louis_Armstrong_.jpg" style="margin-top: 0px;" width="200" /></a><br />
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<br />
<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
<a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSi57M2ZzXZqzI-RmhkxLVe5I63mOjWuE3g07EKU6ji6-NtViEK" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="rg_i" data-sz="f" name="nEkGxNoutXP00M:" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSi57M2ZzXZqzI-RmhkxLVe5I63mOjWuE3g07EKU6ji6-NtViEK" style="height: 205px; margin-top: -1px; width: 205px;" /></a></h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<u>Langston Hughes</u></h3>
''I swear to the Lord
<br />
I still can't see
<br />
Why Democracy means
<br />
Everybody but me.''<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Jim Crow's Last Stand -1942 </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/cullen/images/cullenc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" id="irc_mi" src="http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/cullen/images/cullenc.jpg" style="margin-top: 47px;" width="164" /></a></div>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
<b> </b></h3>
<h3>
<b> </b><u><b>Countee Cullen</b></u></h3>
''Not yet has my heart or head
<br />
In the least way realized
<br />
They and I are civilized.''<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">My Souls High Song, c. 1927</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.augustine.com/images/history/black_history/zora_neale_hurston_lg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="149" id="yui_3_5_1_5_1366146316625_695" src="http://www.augustine.com/images/history/black_history/zora_neale_hurston_lg.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><u>Zora Neal Hurston</u></h3>
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“She pulled in her horizon like a great fish-net. Pulled it from around the
waist of the world and draped it over her shoulder, so much of life in its
meshes! She called in her soul to come and see.”<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">ir</span> Eyes Were Watching God. 1937</span></span> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Professor</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A few years before the publication of the "New
Negro", Dr. Locke had accepted a full time position with Howard University
as Professor of Philosophy. At this time the University had an all-white board
and president. Dr. Locke, the faculty and student body all shared a vision
of making Howard University the preeminent black university in America; however
the board wanted to maintain its traditional non-racial status. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The difference in visions for the future of
Howard University lead to Dr. Locke, and others, being dismissed. However he
did return to Howard in 1928 with the installation of the university’s first
black president. Locke chaired the Philosophy department until his retirement
in 1953. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Carter) </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Between 1940 and his retirement, he was in demand on the
lecture circuit and as a visiting scholar. During this time, he made New York
City a second home accepting visiting scholar positions at the New School for
Social research and later at City College of New York. After 1948 he began to
teach at both City College and Howard concurrently. He retired from teaching
in 1953, and counted as one of his last major accomplishments, the installation
of a Phi Beta Kappa chapter at Howard. <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Carter) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In retirement, he had intended to devote his full
attention and energy towards a work that he hoped would become his opus, the
work he would be most remembered by titled, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Negro in American Culture”</i>. He would not finish it.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">His Faith</span></h2>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It has been uncovered through research that Dr. Locke
converted to the Baha’i faith in 1918. There have been several letters found
between Locke and the leader of the Baha’i discussing philosophical and
spiritual topics.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As Dr.
Buck states in his book “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alain Locke;
Faith and Philosophy”, “</i>As the youngest independent world religion, the
Bahá’í Faith was clearly a leader in advocating racial harmony and full integration
during the Jim Crow era.” Factors that would have surely drawn Dr. Locke to this faith.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" height="150" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308291152589682514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTT5GPEvnPjm_5NIxhSUPXsaKjV_H6Qy9R1V_Fl2mgqRCFrg5lHd_0sgaONAtwGpCosdq99EBRwleS1ehT1FmWJoZaZEps8u9wIrcU2RIDORX9DeuaYy8gsJ2Gz4-oswp5aHmRgP5O7tS7/s200/1217954199-234.jpg" style="height: 300px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 400px;" width="200" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Great Symbol of Baha'i</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> According to the Baha'i website;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">"Bahá’ís believe that there is one God, that all
humanity is one family, and that there is a fundamental unity underlying
religion. They recognize that the coming of Bahá'u'lláh has opened the age for
the establishment of world peace, when, as anticipated in the sacred scriptures
of the past, all humanity will achieve its spiritual and social maturity, and
live as one united family in a just, global society.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">…the Bahá’í
Faith brings new social principles appropriate to the needs of a global
society, such as the oneness of mankind, the equality of rights and
opportunities for men and women, the abolition of all forms of prejudice, the
essential harmony of science and religion, universal education, the need for a
universal auxiliary language, and the elimination of extremes of poverty and
wealth."</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Passing</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The year after his retirement he fell ill. It was his
heart that had been damaged as a child by rheumatic fever. For most of 1954, he
was in and out of several hospitals in New York seeking treatment, but finally
on June ninth, he succumbed in Mount Sinai Hospital. Visited regularly by
friends and luminaries, he reportedly knew the grim prognosis and was prepared. That same year the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Brown v. Board, ending public school segregation.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Remembered</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></h2>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Dr.
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Without Locke, there may not have
been a Martin Luther King. The New Negro movement, for which Locke was the
chief architect and spokesman, was singularly responsible for inculcating and
cultivating the requisite group consciousness and solidarity necessary for the
mobilization of African Americans during the Civil Rights era.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
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quest for truth and logic was no easy task. It was often contradictory and disappointing.
It either appealed in vain to understand or found no understanding to which it
could appeal. It was a thankless task….And yet its faithful pursuit is more
than living. It is more than death.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ralph J. Bunche:</span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">He is gone, but
somehow I cannot fully believe it. Too few, perhaps, well understood or
adequately appreciated Alain Locke. Those of us who did have lived a richer
life for it. Philosopher he was, thinker and writer, an intellectual; a man of
conviction with courage of his convictions. The American society has lost a noted
scholar and an outstanding citizen. Negro Americans have lost a great pioneer
and a fervent protagonist. I have lost a good friend.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Works Cited</span></div>
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Cash Pucketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07942075305659283041noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-54892051007556557882013-04-14T22:19:00.002-05:002013-04-14T22:27:58.518-05:00Proletarian Writing (in America)<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: right;">
<b id="internal-source-marker_0.8372924921568483" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br />“Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!” ― Karl Marx, </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Communist Manifesto</span></span></b></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ok. Who or what,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> exactly</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, is the Proletariat?</span></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">In short, the proletariat are low-ranking members of the socioeconomic class without means to self-production or promotion <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley, web)</span>. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">In other words, they are the ever-toiling, poverty-stricken laborers. They are cherry pickers, coal or diamond miners, ditch-diggers and sweatshop workers. The 1920s and 30s proletariat often looks different than the upper class, with dark eyes, dark hair <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley, web)</span> and wearing dirt, grit and grime as a uniform.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Today, these members of society are euphemistically called <b>"blue-collar workers"</b>. The term is convenient because it denotes a kind of social class without actually coming right out and acknowledging that such a class system exists. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The proletariat are usually understood as the laboring citizens that make up the industrial working-class. Usually, more specifically, a radical (Marxist) thinker in the industrial working-class, of a mind to spread and teach radical ideas <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley, 86)</span>.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Proletarian Ideals</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">At its base, the radical ideals of the proletariat revolve around a belief that <b>the problems of the working class</b> (like extreme poverty, starvation, death from overwork) <b>only exist because of deliberate or indifferent exploitation by the capitalist ruling class</b>, or <i>bourgeoisie</i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Aaron)</span>. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Where does the Marxist/radical part come in? The proletariat, borrowing ideas from Karl Marx’s <i>The Communist Manifesto</i>, rebels against the idea that a small portion of the nation's people should manage and control the majority of the population by obtaining the majority of the resources and forcing the largest portion of the population to work without hope of achieving those same resources and therefore, the same opportunities. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">It is also <b>a wholesale dismissal of the social rungs</b> <b>in which class differences like accents, dress and education separate people and define a person’s identity and self-worth</b>. Ultimately, it calls for an overhaul of the current system, a more universal self-rule by the working-class and eventual merging of the classes until differences are defined by personal character and not by the affected customs that follow a varied economic status.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>The Proletariat: Feeding the Nation’s Rich</u></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In America, as capitalism becomes the darling economic reality of the governing class, immigrants pour into the country, leaving behind everything, seeking to rise from <i>nothing</i> and become <i>something</i>. Instead, they confront the truth of tenement slums and a virulently racist ruling class. It is a shock to the system. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The subsequent myth of the American Dream haunts them all. Horrific factory conditions and disgusting slums claim many thousands of lives. Starvation and disease are very real threats to the working class. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Feeding the Nation</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the relative peace pre-World War I, the proletariat begins to question the rank and file of the capitalist system, starting with the world rulers, religious leaders and religious ideology, then the very rich, the burgeoning middle class and finally, the largest and most maligned class, the poor laborers that grind, beat, mold and drag up the goods that the upper classes so desperately consume. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">This disparity and death among the workers leads to the formations of international unions, like the International Workers of the World</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Then, the very existence of the unions themselves encourage the proletariat to test and push back on the boundaries of social norms.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">As the unions form and ideas foment, war from across the ocean looms. Despite the nation’s isolationist leanings, American companies, worried that the world war might negatively affect the growth and success of a now more global business market, encourage America’s entrance into the fray. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once America joins World War I, those working class voices and questions are raised louder and more provocatively, calling the war a<b> “Rich Man’s War”</b> and finding various means and methods to protest the war where the horrors of trench warfare make cannon fodder of untold millions of soldiers -- many of them members of that seemingly expendable working class. In the sobering wake of WWI and with the magical day-growing advent of electricity, the proletariat begins, with increasing passion and frequency, <b><i>to write</i></b>.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><u>What did they write? Everything! <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletarian_poetry" target="_blank">Poetry</a>, plays, literary critiques, novels, and many, many magazine articles!</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: Arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;">Proletarian Literature - Author, Audience, Subject</span></div>
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<b><span id="internal-source-marker_0.8372924921568483"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"Everyone has a great tragic-comic story to tell. Almost everyone in America feels oppressed and wants to speak out somewhere. Tell us your story...Tell it simply and sincerely, in the form of a letter. Don't worry about style, grammar, or syntax. Write as you talk. Write. Let America know the heart and mind of the workers." -</span></span></span><span id="internal-source-marker_0.8372924921568483"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mike Gold, <i>New Masses</i>, 1929</span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The proletarian novel has many characteristics, most of which are hotly debated, but always centralize around some recognizable form. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Primarily, the work is Marxist, socialist or anarchist in some form.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Basically, the novel is<b> a creative piece of work conceived of by, written by and written for the working class</b>. It can be fiction or nonfiction, but the topic must be proletariat-oriented in subject <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley, web)</span>. The voice (and audience) best accepted by purists is as propaganda intended to embolden, educate and excite the fellow proletariat. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">As the genre evolves and authorship morphs, <b>the audience</b> can be much wider, intending to share the plight of the working class and repressed minorities with the attentive, if sometimes pandering petty-bourgeoisie, who are slightly better placed economically and might be more able to make social changes <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley, 87)</span>. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the case of authorship changes, <b>the original authors were proletariat</b>. Writing, as Gold eagerly champions, with integrity, truth and simplicity in a field that previously excluded the uneducated or so-called “low-brow” art of the working class. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">As the interest in proletarian literature spreads and gains the respect of famous authors like Hemingway, the petty-bourgeoisie try to take up the cause of the proletariat. In that case, one proletariat, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville_Hicks" target="_blank">Granville Hicks</a>, writes in the leftist magazine, New Masses, that the literary-minded, revolutionaries of the petty-bourgeoisie “should not merely believe in the cause of the proletariat; he should be, or should try to make himself, a member of the proletariat”</span> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley 89)</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">Art or Propaganda? Themes? </span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the proletariat’s mind, the proletarian novel is a weapon <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley, web)</span>, socially-conscious literature is a weapon, the pen is a weapon. The weapon is meant to attack and destroy social convention and to incite proletarian outrage in the working class. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBvF0EJRGqm8Tn1YR8CnrMzk2T7jAjJ3uvar7FyKba3scRq3crEMeixkLKnrPW8GVwXniRgDyg3KC8voPN1AG1A1Mu_wXP8XSpJGAVjpUHtkyRuDwBAhRkPXH8-iMwi0g6ksKpTz-nutWj/s1600/9780151013555_custom-s6-c10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBvF0EJRGqm8Tn1YR8CnrMzk2T7jAjJ3uvar7FyKba3scRq3crEMeixkLKnrPW8GVwXniRgDyg3KC8voPN1AG1A1Mu_wXP8XSpJGAVjpUHtkyRuDwBAhRkPXH8-iMwi0g6ksKpTz-nutWj/s320/9780151013555_custom-s6-c10.jpg" width="221" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The authors hope that their words will lead the proletariat to throw off their chains and join the communist or socialist cause...and<b> fight against capitalist tyranny</b>. Therefore, much of the writing is propaganda <i>and</i> art.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Often, the literary proletariat discussion involved purpose in art. What was the purpose of the novel? The author? The subject? Was the author writing solely to please herself, and was that okay? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Later, the discussion involved even more intricate details. What gender, minority or specific struggle was being represented? Which struggle should be represented? IS art for the sake of art still proletarian, if the art if created by the proletariat? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These questions were not often answered easily or consistently.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Q</b>. In the end, <b>what is Proletarian Literature? </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A. Overall, the core of proletarian writing questioned the modern social structure, demanded new awareness of the struggle inherent in the proletariat lifestyle and provided a voice (however meager) for the previously voiceless minorities, like immigrants, blacks and women. This writing was proletariat-initiated and proletariat-supported. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Q</b>. <b>What themes prevail in Proletarian Writings?</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>A</b>. Themes are fairly consistent and represent the deepest wishes of the proletariat class <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Aaron)</span>. Frequent themes are: the political and social rise of the working class, <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/collectivism" target="_blank">collectivism</a>, the unfair treatment of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie, exploring the mind of the disdainful upper class, the sexualization of the working class, socialism is realized in America, and/or the difficulties of life for the tenement (slum) dweller.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Using various literary outlets, the working class is usually depicted in a realistic setting beset with real problems. The hero (there is often a hero) before the end of the novel, typically realizes the only way to improve or grow is to throw off the shackles of the oppressive ruling class or classes and works to achieve that end <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley 87-89)</span>. </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mike Gold</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><u><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gold" target="_blank">Michael Gold</a></u></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -- </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">born 1894,on the Lower East Side of New York City to Romanian Jewish immigrant parents. He was a Jewish American member of the Communist party who fervently awaited the rise of the Worker’s Revolution. Gold was also the founding editor for the leftist magazine, <i>New Masses,</i> and wrote a well-known novel, <i>Jews Without Money</i>, published in 1930. He is famous for demanding that the proletariat writer adhere strictly to the Communist party line and for disparaging those writers that attempted to embody the working class plight without this specific class revolution firmly in mind <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Aaron)</span>. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1928, Mike Gold writes in the <i>New Masses</i> of Ernest Hemingway, acknowledging the usefulness of his wonderfully sparse style but reservedly noting his aloofness, saying that “revolutionary writers of the future will be grateful to him; they will imitate his style. But they will have different things to say. A new wave of social struggle is moving on the ocean of American life...Hemingway is not the herald of a new way of feeling, but the last voice of a decade of despair” <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley 88)</span>. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hemingway famously responds with a gruff: </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Go tell Mike Gold, Ernest Hemingway says he should go f--- himself”</span> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white;">(c</span>ensorship mine, Flynn 219)</span>.</span></span></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYRsnlegzulBkYSgGTYCvFzGVh1y5rlZ_tPnf2lJR42xgvJP2uMuCS4Qakv-BCdjwr9QBx2ApG5g0rMYiqbaWdNQepp69fnLtM4dl6xRKnH1ORZU58c0nzVEMGB6HfJAB5LAGK-jFQlpk/s1600/agnes+smedley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYRsnlegzulBkYSgGTYCvFzGVh1y5rlZ_tPnf2lJR42xgvJP2uMuCS4Qakv-BCdjwr9QBx2ApG5g0rMYiqbaWdNQepp69fnLtM4dl6xRKnH1ORZU58c0nzVEMGB6HfJAB5LAGK-jFQlpk/s320/agnes+smedley.jpg" width="253" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Agnes Smedley</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Smedley" target="_blank">Agnes Smedley</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -- </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">born 1892, in Missouri into a coal mining family with many children. Agnes Smedley is most known for writing the largely autobiographical, proletarian novel, <i>Daughter of Earth</i>, in 1929, she was a journalist, writer, socialist, communist, revolutionary and activist that followed the Chinese revolution and Bengali Indian revolutions with empathy and eventual involvement. Although she found disheartening resistance in the communist party to the independent and strong female position in society, Smedley maintained her foothold in the community and continued to write proletarian works until her death.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Conroy" target="_blank">Jack Conroy</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -- </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="line-height: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">born in America to Irish immigrants in 1898 and known as the Worker Writer of the novels, <i>The Disinherited</i> and A World to Win. His semi-autobiographical book, <i>The Disinherited</i>, told the tale of a coal-miner’s son living during the Great Depression. The novel was “hailed” by his peers as an “authentic” and “genuine literary talent” and Gold praised his work, calling him a “proletarian shock-trooper whose weapon is literature” <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Foley 89)</span>. Conroy was an important member of the literary proletariat and, like, Gold, made a habit of reviewing the work of fellow proletarian authors for the valued qualities of authenticity and revolutionary, movement-oriented ideas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><u>Inspiration and Influence</u></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghOV17qCVD3KDBp3f_BBiFxXBGHqgGKBkHf8VUuvLOfU9eqim1SV1_dzWCCLUipJveqtUAqVwaJrWoTSYTJ8H3IC__OFiAR7ADu2i5UasrFjBmtKKGtR2A0Z54rfY0TvhoSa5f_NFE2NdQ/s1600/220px-Gorn-1922.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghOV17qCVD3KDBp3f_BBiFxXBGHqgGKBkHf8VUuvLOfU9eqim1SV1_dzWCCLUipJveqtUAqVwaJrWoTSYTJ8H3IC__OFiAR7ADu2i5UasrFjBmtKKGtR2A0Z54rfY0TvhoSa5f_NFE2NdQ/s200/220px-Gorn-1922.jpg" width="130" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Proletkult</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proletkult" target="_blank">Proletkult</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -- Russian Proletarian Art following the Bolshevik overthrow of monarchy in Russia, worked to promote a new culture for the proletarian ruling class.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html" target="_blank">The Communist Manifesto</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -- Karl Marx’s innovative work on the potential of the working class and codifying the idea that things could change, challenging fate and upper class propaganda, stating that social caste struggles were </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">not</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> written into the fabric of humanity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Industrialization</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> -- simultaneously chains the body and frees the mind of the working class, providing minimal upward movement and atrocious working conditions, but also a population surge, a move to social reform and community.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Rooted In/Birthed from:<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMQCSq-TbQ1f-eHZ6T79oahvG3GhAuf_JwS5YUfURrqTbeY-6UGJ1aP9InWB1azjQMVRtrUy3Jdf2rcV8AXfhNJLgnnW6lJvLmf8Qcv_vciUcv2wfsl8tbJMFEPcC4R80JrzX57akuuWRe/s1600/iww_large1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMQCSq-TbQ1f-eHZ6T79oahvG3GhAuf_JwS5YUfURrqTbeY-6UGJ1aP9InWB1azjQMVRtrUy3Jdf2rcV8AXfhNJLgnnW6lJvLmf8Qcv_vciUcv2wfsl8tbJMFEPcC4R80JrzX57akuuWRe/s200/iww_large1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I.W.W.<br />
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enlightenment Ideals </span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Young Intellectuals</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Communist Movement</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Various Political and Social Changes</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WWI (Rich Man’s War)</span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Advances in Art </span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Industrial Workers of the World or<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" target="_blank"> I.W.W.</a></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 1; white-space: pre-wrap;">Social Reforms</span></li>
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<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><u>The First Red Scare </u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The First Red Scare followed political shifts occurring in the world post-WWI and featured paranoid, often illegal behavior in both the federal and local government level. Cases like the Sacco-Vanzetti case consolidated and polarized proletarian writers. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Anarchists</b> were outraged and often advocated violent retaliation. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Communists</b> saw the case as a prime example of upper class warfare on the lower class and favored using it as a tool to incite the proletariat masses. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Many other social contingents found something in this case to represent the injustices done to the legally ill-prepared and insufficiently represented working class. How each of the factions dealt with and reacted to the case revealed the many ideological fissures in the proletarian world. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Political_Theory/Ideologies_of_Government" target="_blank">Socialists, Communists, Anarchists</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Time constraints do not allow me the time to explore these terms further. The link on each should guide and encourage you to explore them in your own time, at a later point. The differences between them deserve a blog post all their own. Suffice it to say, that these political differences are important enough to piecemeal and eventually weaken the proletariat position in society and lead to very interesting complexities in proletarian literature. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Following the stock market crash and the scourge of depression sweeping the land and devastating the already hungry working class, the time was ripe for revolutionary ideas. The 30s marks an explosion of proletarian writing and authors. The bleakness of the time and the failure of both the government and capitalism to save the economy left many in the worker class looking elsewhere, anywhere, for guidance. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sometimes, they found it in the stories of the struggling proletariat and her eventual redemption through social revolution.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Aaron, Daniel. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Writers-Left-Daniel-Aaron/dp/0231080395" target="_blank"><i>Writers on the Left</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1977. Print. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Foley, Barbara. <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Radical-Representations-Proletarian-Post-Contemporary-Interventions/dp/0822313944/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365991435&sr=1-1&keywords=Radical+Representations%3A+Politics+and+Form+in+U.S.+Proletarian+Fiction" target="_blank">Radical Representations: Politics and Form in U.S. Proletarian Fiction, 1929-</a></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Radical-Representations-Proletarian-Post-Contemporary-Interventions/dp/0822313944/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365991435&sr=1-1&keywords=Radical+Representations%3A+Politics+and+Form+in+U.S.+Proletarian+Fiction" target="_blank">1941</a></i>. Durham: Duke UP, 1993. Print. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Foley, Barbara. "<a href="http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~bfoley/files/proletariannovel.htm" target="_blank">Writing Up the Working Class: The Proletarian Novel in the U.S</a>." Editorial. S.A.M.A.R. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Flynn, Daniel J. <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Conservative-History-American-Left/dp/0307339467/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365991397&sr=1-1&keywords=a+conservative+history+of+the+american+left" target="_blank">A Conservative History of the American Left</a></i>. New York: Crown Forum, 2008. Print. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Garon, Paul. "<a href="http://hq.abaa.org/books/antiquarian/news_fly?code=50" target="_blank">Radical Novel: 1900-1954.</a>" Editorial. Firsts: The Book Collector's Magazine Mar. 1994. Radical Novel: 1900-1954. Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Nekola, Charlotte, and Paula Rabinowitz, eds. <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Writing-Red-Anthology-American-1930-1940/dp/0935312765/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1365991373&sr=1-1&keywords=writing+red" target="_blank">Writing Red: An Anthology of American Women Writers, 1930-1940</a></i>. New York: Feminist at the City University of New York, 1987. Print.</span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-11128964728094495302013-03-22T09:56:00.000-05:002013-03-22T09:56:15.233-05:00Sinclair Lewis: "One of the most curiously uneven writers I have ever known".<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> "I, being a revolutionist, know exactly what I want -- and what I want now is a drink.” </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">- Sinclair Lewis, <em>Babbitt</em></span></div>
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Red Headed Step Child? He Didn't Think So.</h3>
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Harry Sinclair Lewis was born in Sauk Centre, Minnesota to a country doctor. His biological mother passed when he was 6, and his father remarried the woman he would consider his mother. His small town upbringing in Sauk Centre would later be his inspiration for his novel <em>Main Street.</em></div>
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Tales From the Cryptkeeper?</h3>
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As a child, young Lewis was teased by his classmates. His bright red hair and his bad skin made his scholastic life miserable and isolated him from many of his peers. At the age of 13 the teasing became so unbearable that he even attempted to escape and join the Army as a drummer in the Spanish-American War, but his father caught him and brought him back home. Unfortunately, it seems that this appearance followed him into adulthood. </div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The resemblance is uncanny!</span></div>
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Lewis took refuge in reading and writing, however. As a young boy he engrossed himself in his father's medical books, which would later assist him in his novel <em>Arrowsmith.</em> Additionally, he kept a diary where he produced mostly romantic poetry. </div>
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I'm So Sad and Lonely, Nobody Cares for Me...</h3>
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At the ago of 17 Lewis moved to Yale University to write for the <em>Yale Literary Magazine</em>. Despite being published in the <em>Yale Literary Journal</em> he was still very far removed from his peers at Yale. After summer vacations spent in England he left Yale his senior year and worked in fellow writer and journalist Upton Sinclair's commune as a janitor and also attempted to work building the panama canal. Both attempts were fruitless. Soon, he returned to Yale and graduated in 1908. </div>
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On the Road Again</h3>
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From 1908-1915 Sinclair traveled from to California in search of work. Oftentimes, he would sell his story plots to other writers. During this time he met Jack London, and sold him the plot for what would later become <em>The Assasination Bureau, Ltd.</em> which wouldn't be completed until 1963. During this time Lewis also had his story <em>Our Mr. Wrenn </em>as well as five other novels published under a psuedonym, had a short story published in the <em>Saturday Evening Post </em>and married Grace Heggar, an editor for <em>Vogue.</em></div>
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I Want to Be a Millionaire So... Bad</h3>
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After settling down in Long Island with his wife, Lewis had the knock of fortune that led him to notoriety - <em>Main Street</em>. After the publication of <em>Main Street in 1920 </em>Lewis never had to worry about finances again. The success of <em>Main Street</em> led Lewis to become a full time writer, creating a new "hit" every few years. </div>
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Lewis was known for his social criticism and satirical style in his novels. His views on American society were often critical, and many of his books contained strong female characters. </div>
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<a data-ved="0CAUQjRw" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sinclair+lewis+main+street&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=9KuUzD4z_PejoM&tbnid=vKGvGztdkvu7HM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melissacwalker.com%2Fblog%2Fpage%2F61%2F&ei=3dFLUcCwH8Tr2wXa9oDgDQ&bvm=bv.44158598,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNGd9eC4VI7hRooscPZUSzqRu8SKCQ&ust=1364009681260818" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px currentColor; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img height="200" id="irc_mi" src="http://www.melissacwalker.com/blogimages/Sinclair%20Lewis%20Main%20Street%20GMU.png" style="margin-top: 37px;" width="133" /></a></div>
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<em>Main Street</em> (1920)- The study of hypocrisy and rigidity of small town life, Lewis wanted to portray the negative side of many towns in America. Based on his hometown, many Americans felt they could identify and that the novel exposed many of the problems American society was facing at the time. </div>
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<a data-ved="0CAUQjRw" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QBb7MItDf39OGM&tbnid=5UFGi5Ergi6xzM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fanokatony.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F12%2F08%2Fbabbitt-by-sinclair-lewis-occupy-zenith%2F&ei=I9dLUZOIBuWi2QWD64CICA&bvm=bv.44158598,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNFYgWz0Y1kRxtXCwtXCq7U7eR_qeQ&ust=1364011161243132" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px currentColor;"><img height="200" id="irc_mi" src="http://anokatony.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/babbitt.gif" style="margin-top: 0px;" width="133" /></a> <em>Babbitt</em> (1922) - Dealt with conformity and the materialism consuming the middle class. Lewis called Babbitt "everything he hated about the middle class society".</div>
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<a data-ved="0CAUQjRw" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eMSeblp1ZJDZTM&tbnid=Cx00eutVIZr0qM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F56781833%40N06%2F5464169368%2F&ei=4dhLUfKEBuX02QWq7YGICA&bvm=bv.44158598,d.aWM&psig=AFQjCNEaL2tzAOOuV2ospQnTTk10STC6uw&ust=1364011613607857" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px currentColor;"><img height="200" id="irc_mi" src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5297/5464169368_d3a93b1e8e_z.jpg" style="margin-top: 0px;" width="130" /></a> <em>Arrowsmith</em> (1925) - Was one of the first novels to deal with science and the ethics involved in medicine. </div>
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<a data-ved="0CAUQjRw" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=HnGsPyMBE6iD5M&tbnid=0f3dloLWUVTe6M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmtaplibrary.blogspot.com%2F2011_10_01_archive.html&ei=HttLUeapAezy2gXem4CADA&bvm=bv.44158598,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNGGhun_865LYhyjUPL0iuB3XPWa5Q&ust=1364012177182844" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px currentColor;"><img height="200" id="irc_mi" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Q_6k6vnZogwsiX_mwQSg6nMLUZ73IZqjS9c92ZD-6Fq-P-efDAQT_Q-g0iE1zmmJOOGHyhuJTYlUEtil9GHWhWdzby47lqb9Q6f60c-5LAxk6kNuvd3-RYEsrZMcQvB67F1qm02N783d/s200/elmer_gantry.gif" style="margin-top: 0px;" width="139" /></a>Elmer Gantry (1927) - Perhaps the most controversial novel Lewis authored, Elmer Gantry told the story of a hypocritical, power hungry evangelical preacher. It reflected many of the fears and beliefs of the American society concerning the evangelical movement of the time. </div>
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I've Smoked All of My Friends Down to the Filter</h3>
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During his most successful years, Lewis was traveling and writing. In 1925 Lewis divorced Grace Heggar and married a newspaper correspondent named Dorothy Thompson. At this time Lewis was dinking heavily and had managed to alienate nearly all of his friends. * In 1930 Lewis and Thompson traveled to Stockholm to accept the Nobel Peace Prize. He was awarded the prize not for a single novel, but for his body of work. Lewis was the first American to be honored. His controversial acceptance speech has been reprinted many times since.</div>
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<a data-ved="0CAUQjRw" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ECMDb16oeJA0dM&tbnid=TPhl9ztDGpAJ3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fkids.britannica.com%2Fcomptons%2Fart-169279&ei=LN9LUYq7EOfr2QX574H4Dw&bvm=bv.44158598,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNHOONXx61Jw0outgZ6Rf16NqTA3Ag&ust=1364013219661305" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px currentColor;"><img height="200" id="irc_mi" src="http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/80/21480-004-520ABE51.jpg" style="margin-top: 0px;" width="143" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Big mistake, brother</span>. </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">*results not typical</span></div>
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<h3 style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
My Words Are Like A Dagger With A Jagged Edge</h3>
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Excerpt from his acceptance speech titled "The American Fear of Literature":</div>
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"I have for myself no conceivable complaint to make, and yet for American literature in general, and its standing in a country where industrialism and finance and science flourish and the only arts that are vital and respected are architecture and the film, I have a considerable complaint. [...] [I]n America most of us - not readers alone but even writers - are still afraid of any literature which is not a glorification of everything American, a glorification of our faults as well as our virtues. To be not only a best seller in America but to be really beloved, a novelist must assert that all American men are tall, handsome, rich, honest, and powerful at golf; that all country towns are filled with neighbors who do nothing from day to day save go about being kind to one another; that although American girls may be wild, they change always into perfect wives and mothers; and that, geographically, America is composed solely of New York, which is inhabited entirely by millionaires; of the West, which keeps unchanged all the boisterous heroism of 1870; and of the South, where everyone lives on a plantation perpetually glossy with moonlight and scented with magnolias." (tcm.com)</div>
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<h3 style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
Yesterday, All My Troubles Seemed So Far Away</h3>
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The 1920s was the most successful period for Lewis. Beyond the 1920s, although he continued writing, he never reached the success levels of his previous novels. He spent a considerable amount of time working on plays, lesser celebrated novels and short stories. Occasionally, he even acted in some of his plays. The income he received from his books allowed him to continue to live the way he had before, traveling, the finest hotels and many luxuries. Unfortunately, his alcoholism continued to take it's toll. </div>
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<h3 style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
I Drink, I Smoke, I'm Supposed to Quit, But I Won't</h3>
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In 1937 Lewis checked in to a sanitarium to be treated for alcoholism. The doctors explained to him that he was going to "live without alcohol or die by it". Lewis decided to check out after 10 days. His doctor documented that he had "no understanding of his problem" (kirjasto.sci.fi).</div>
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Lewis spent the 1940s in Hollywood. He was contracted by MGM to work on a script for a western called <em>Storm in the West.</em> Initially, Lewis was excited but later became disenfranchised with the filmmaking process due to censorship and restriction placed on him by the film industry. Lewis stated, "What really bothers me is not the fact that, say, a couple gunmen couldn't say anything so vile as 'damn', but that all really stirring issues, political, racial, biological, must be sidestepped or not even approached" (tcm.com).</div>
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In 1942 he divorced his wife, Dorothy Thompson. </div>
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In 1944 his son with Grace Heggar, Wells Lewis (named for H.G Wells), was killed in World War II in combat in France.</div>
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<h3 style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
Homeward Bound</h3>
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<img src="http://cbsminnesota.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/sinclair_lewis_51506261.jpg" /></h3>
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Lewis spent the remainder of his life in Europe. He began to feel the effects of his advanced alcoholism that worsened his skin condition and shortened his temper. Consequently, his lack of friends, also said to be an effect of his alcoholism, reduced him to hiring secretaries to play chess with him. He died in Rome on January 10th, 1951. The official cause was paralysis of the heart, said to be related to his extremely advanced alcoholism. </div>
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Other Facts:</h3>
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After hearing that Lewis had won the Nobel Prize, Hemmingway said that it should have gone to James Joyce or Ezra Pound. </div>
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<li><div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
While neighboring towns of Sauk Centre banned <em>Main Street, </em>Sauk Centre supported him, and even today the high school teams are known as the MainStreeters. </div>
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In 1930, Lewis and Dorothy Thompson had a child, Michael. He became an actor, was also an alcoholic, and died of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. </div>
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<li><div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
Fitzgerald initially praised <em>Arrowsmith </em>extensively, but later stated that he felt that <em>The Great Gatsby</em> was a superior novel. </div>
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He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for <em>Arrowsmith</em>, but declined it. </div>
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While studying for <em>Elmer Gantry</em>, Lewis went to the pulpit and for fifteen minutes challenged God to strike him down to prove His existence. </div>
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Works:</h3>
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<strong>Drama</strong><br />
<i>Jayhawker: A Play in Three Acts</i>, pr. 1934 (with Lloyd <strong>Lewis</strong>)</div>
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<strong>Long Fiction</strong><br />
<i>Our Mr. Wrenn: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man</i>, 1914<br />
<i>The Trail of the Hawk: A Comedy of the Seriousness of Life</i>, 1915<br />
<i>The Innocents: A Story for Lovers</i>, 1917<br />
<i>The Job: An American Novel</i>, 1917<br />
<i>Free Air</i>, 1919<br />
<i>Main Street: The Story of Carol Kennicott</i>, 1920<br />
<i>Babbitt</i>, 1922<br />
<i>Arrowsmith</i>, 1925<br />
<i>Mantrap</i>, 1926<br />
<i>Elmer Gantry</i>, 1927<br />
<i>The Man Who Knew Coolidge: Being the Soul of Lowell Schmaltz, Constructive and Nordic Citizen</i>, 1928<br />
<i>Dodsworth</i>, 1929<br />
<i>Ann Vickers</i>, 1933<br />
<i>Work of Art</i>, 1934<br />
<i>It Can’t Happen Here</i>, 1935<br />
<i>The Prodigal Parents</i>, 1938<br />
<i>Bethel Merriday</i>, 1940<br />
<i>Gideon Planish</i>, 1943<br />
<i>Cass Timberlane: A Novel of Husbands and Wives</i>, 1945<br />
<i>Kingsblood Royal</i>, 1947<br />
<i>The God-Seeker</i>, 1949<br />
<i>World So Wide</i>, 1951</div>
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<strong>Nonfiction</strong><br />
<i>From Main Street to Stockholm: Letters of <epkwic>Sinclair</epkwic> <epkwic>Lewis</epkwic>, 1919-1930</i>, 1952 (Harrison Smith, editor)<br />
<i>The Man from Main Street: Selected Essays and Other Writings, 1904-1950</i>, 1953 (Harry E. Maule and Melville H. Crane, editors)<br />
<i>Minnesota Diary, 1942-1946</i>, 2000 (George Killough, editor)</div>
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<strong>Short Fiction</strong><br />
<i>Selected Short Stories of <epkwic>Sinclair</epkwic> <epkwic>Lewis</epkwic></i>, 1935<br />
<i>If I Were Boss: The Early Business Stories of <epkwic>Sinclair</epkwic> <epkwic>Lewis</epkwic></i>, 1997 (Anthony Di Renzo, editor)<br />
<i>Go East, Young Man: <epkwic>Sinclair</epkwic> <epkwic>Lewis</epkwic> on Class in America</i>, 2005 (Sally E. Parry, editor)<br />
<i>The Minnesota Stories of <epkwic>Sinclair</epkwic> <epkwic>Lewis</epkwic></i>, 2005 (Parry, editor)<br />
<i>The Short Stories of <epkwic>Sinclair</epkwic> <epkwic>Lewis</epkwic>, 1904-1949</i>, 2007 (7 volumes; Samuel J. Rogal, editor)</div>
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<h3 class="body-paragraph">
All Good Things</h3>
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The obituary written and published in <em>Time </em>said, "He was not a great writer, nor even a very good one; but he hit the U.S. hard in its solar plexus, immortalized a national character, and added several household words to the American language. [...] His great merit was that he gave the U.S. and the world a sense of the enduring strength (ugly or not) of Main Street; and that he made Americans on all main streets, including Babbitt, stop hustling long enough to wonder uneasily where they were going." </div>
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</h3>
<h3 class="body-paragraph">
We're In It To Win It</h3>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjddHbZ80b5rmmqUOmpllMhcIA0q7Mn7dhtkBYGKLfI5Y4v6Q7AbIqQB-oIhqsxWHfZAbs2KPyfC9mBis5Kbtxb5srFvEh6iD4vL7kaUEt0uyOx5p8xVIPxcRdvhldL28GFX_TZWZ_GcY/s1600/Drinking+Team.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjddHbZ80b5rmmqUOmpllMhcIA0q7Mn7dhtkBYGKLfI5Y4v6Q7AbIqQB-oIhqsxWHfZAbs2KPyfC9mBis5Kbtxb5srFvEh6iD4vL7kaUEt0uyOx5p8xVIPxcRdvhldL28GFX_TZWZ_GcY/s640/Drinking+Team.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<u>Works Cited</u></div>
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Books and Writers</div>
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<a href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/slewis.htm">http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/slewis.htm</a></div>
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</div>
<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
Katona, Anne, <em>Sinclair Lewis</em></div>
<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
<a href="http://web.ebscohost.com.library.collin.edu/ehost/detail?sid=e95e1299-1971-4757-af33-2fab43709be0%40sessionmgr12&vid=3&hid=19&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331CSLF13860140000255">http://web.ebscohost.com.library.collin.edu/ehost/detail?sid=e95e1299-1971-4757-af33-2fab43709be0%40sessionmgr12&vid=3&hid=19&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331CSLF13860140000255</a> </div>
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<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
Sinclair Lewis Society</div>
<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
<a href="http://english.illinoisstate.edu/sinclairlewis/sinclair_lewis/faq/faq2.shtml">http://english.illinoisstate.edu/sinclairlewis/sinclair_lewis/faq/faq2.shtml</a></div>
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Turner Classic Movies</div>
<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/309367%7C0/Based-on-Sinclair-Lewis.html">http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/309367%7C0/Based-on-Sinclair-Lewis.html</a></div>
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<div style="border: currentColor; text-align: left;">
Vidal, Gore <em>The Romance of Lewis Sinclair</em><br />
<a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1992/oct/08/the-romance-of-sinclair-lewis/">http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1992/oct/08/the-romance-of-sinclair-lewis/</a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-1460735276089096962013-03-20T00:41:00.006-05:002013-03-20T00:41:36.856-05:00Ev'ry morning, ev'ry evening/Ain't we got fun?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/yNAOHtmy4j0?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Out with the Gibson Girl, In with the Flapper Girl!</span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmGglsxnfumol1qS09rIDfvIxY1qHRY55dsrTE_8D9pK8S7GCCesiw2NiS9-AhjDHIak87BzG2HkasIVpey_hsHkkoqintb-zNqBFQ-rpKaee03OcOGGwYvob2k_RAD-PlzAXUxn_VWtKY/s1600/gibson+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmGglsxnfumol1qS09rIDfvIxY1qHRY55dsrTE_8D9pK8S7GCCesiw2NiS9-AhjDHIak87BzG2HkasIVpey_hsHkkoqintb-zNqBFQ-rpKaee03OcOGGwYvob2k_RAD-PlzAXUxn_VWtKY/s1600/gibson+3.jpg" /></span></a><span style="color: #262626; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">With
the end of the World War I, brought a new age for women. After gaining the right to
vote in 1920, a more modern girl was on the rise. Out with the Gibson Girl and in
with the Flapper Girl!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #262626;">Charles
Dana Gibson was an illustrator who became known for his “Gibson Girls” which
represented the “</span>The
American Girl to all the world.” </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">("Charles Dana Gibson and the Gibson Girls") </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">But with the end of the war, and
the women gaining the right to vote in 1920s, emerged a new era of new women.
The Flapper Girl! Gibson was out and John Held Jr. was in with his
illustrations representing the flapper lifestyle. John Held Jr. helped
epitomize the “jazz age” through his lively illustrations. He also helped
describe the generation gap between mothers and daughters by showing some humor
in the situation. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In magazines like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vanity Fair, Harper’s Bazaar, </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Redbook, </i>images were shown to parents who wanted to see humor in the situations. The skirts were never quite this short but they wanted to believe that they were and Held’s images reassured their delusions. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Vadeboncoeur)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Rise of The Flapper</span></h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626;">The 1920s paved the way for the "new" or "modern" woman. The flapper women stopped wearing corsets, bobbed their hair, stopped wearing layers and layers of clothing to be able to move with more ease. They wore make-up, smoked cigarettes, created the concept of dating a became a sexual person. </span><span style="color: #262626;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Rosenberg)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626;">They were the generation that grew up during World War I and the youth claimed "We have been forced to live in an atmosphere of 'to-morrow we die', and so, naturally we drank and we were merry…" </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">("Becoming Modern: America in the 1920's" 1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<h4>
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">F. Scott Fitzgerald described the ideal flapper as "lovely, expensive, and about nineteen"</span></span></h4>
</blockquote>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #262626;">But the flappers weren't the only version of the "modern" or "new" woman. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626;">“In
the 1920s, feminist Lorine Pruette divided them into three generational groups:
the old pioneers, who had borne the brunt of the fight and never lost their
bitterness toward men; the middle generation who were less bitter because they
had borne less of the battle; and the third, younger group who were “frankly
amazed at all the feminist pother and likely to be bored when the subject comes
up.”</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Brown 32-33) </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">“In
the October 1927 issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Harper’s, </i>Dorothy
Bromley made a further distinction between “Feminist—New Style” and the
feminist old-style. The latter wore flat heels, disliked men, and, accepting
that women could not have both a career and marriage opted for the career. The
new-style feminist was a “good dresser” and a “pal” to men, and fully expected
to have marriage, children, and a career, too. She expected, in brief, to have
it all. All these generations of feminists co-existed in the twenties. All
joined, as one of the middle generation expressed it, in “consciously
experimenting…to find out how women can best live.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Brown 32-33)</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Notable Flappers</span></span></h3>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ck9a5XhtP6IKW1ODDltYdd9f4Q1M3Q6zLXG4DWqg_N6KU56iwxzU0HOx9cT-n7iNkpTIRTZB3idVFpYWWjfYr8WfRwcd_p4JGpHXWMCr5sHvYOhyphenhyphenslQO1ELelgQI8eRHjEyInjgdyKsU/s1600/olive+thomas.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ck9a5XhtP6IKW1ODDltYdd9f4Q1M3Q6zLXG4DWqg_N6KU56iwxzU0HOx9cT-n7iNkpTIRTZB3idVFpYWWjfYr8WfRwcd_p4JGpHXWMCr5sHvYOhyphenhyphenslQO1ELelgQI8eRHjEyInjgdyKsU/s200/olive+thomas.png" width="200" /></span></a><br />
<h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Olive Thomas</span></h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1920, the silent film "The Flapper" premiered as really the first film that portrayed the flapper lifestyle. Olive Thomas starred as a young flapper girl but the film did not become quite mainstream yet.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Unfortunately, Thomas came to an untimely death in 1920 by supposedly accidentally drinking mercury bichloride that had been prescribed to her husband. Her death was the first publicized Hollywood scandal.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> (Brown)</span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIzUk9GpIbwALbX2rQjl_Zs6e3Tv3gXrRzYuxI_g4FC2-qXjdF5bOD6HUZOL3naumLObjk0-jf8jiigE76WrTfVcRdIPJMXYuCHRFRalxqpuKvO11inYmpPRyeF1Fs4o0UefHpRuPOaDCM/s1600/colleen+moore.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIzUk9GpIbwALbX2rQjl_Zs6e3Tv3gXrRzYuxI_g4FC2-qXjdF5bOD6HUZOL3naumLObjk0-jf8jiigE76WrTfVcRdIPJMXYuCHRFRalxqpuKvO11inYmpPRyeF1Fs4o0UefHpRuPOaDCM/s320/colleen+moore.jpg" width="190" /></span></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"I
was the spark that lit up <i>Flaming Youth</i>, Colleen Moore was the torch.
What little things we are to have caused all that trouble” - <i>F. Scott Fitzgerald</i></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Colleen Moore</span> </span></h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Colleen Moore was said to have single handedly kick off the flapper craze in 1923 with her silent film "Flaming Youth". This film helped bring the flapper lifestyle into the mainstream vocabulary. While she did an excellent job of portraying the flapper lifestyle in films, in real life Colleen Moore was said to be "quiet and subdued, perhaps even boring…preferring a self-described "plain" lifestyle. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Boland) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">However, despite her real-life personality, Moore may not have been the first woman to bob her hair but she did popularize it and was a superstar of the silver screen during her career. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJzjZgoEBjtvonGsnaKXxckQ2wtLg51GtFIhBuiSctRmSH8O7j1Ov5BItl8bGtACIuKuhte25CGYjZbKiOt0O5RqiUfjETu0QyHS5JX1T0OubfaCCmLyMVhyphenhypheneDqdclGwfkKhyyOOr968P/s1600/lois-long1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJzjZgoEBjtvonGsnaKXxckQ2wtLg51GtFIhBuiSctRmSH8O7j1Ov5BItl8bGtACIuKuhte25CGYjZbKiOt0O5RqiUfjETu0QyHS5JX1T0OubfaCCmLyMVhyphenhypheneDqdclGwfkKhyyOOr968P/s320/lois-long1.jpg" width="206" /></span></a></div>
<div>
<h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Lois "Lipstick" Long aka "Miss Jazz Age"</span> </span></h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Lois Long was the "embodiment of the flapper girl, with her dark bobbed hair, her cigarettes, her whiskey, her flapper dress and her brash attitude. She said what she meant and pulled no punches to save peoples' feelings.<span class="Apple-style-span">"</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Boland) </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">As well as living the flapper lifestyle, Lois Long was really the epitome of a modern women. She controlled her own finances, had a long and fruitful career at the New Yorker Magazine and still managed to live her own lifestyle of drinking, dancing and sleeping with whomever she pleased. She was "</span><span class="Apple-style-span">was famous for returning to the New Yorker offices in the wee hours of the morning, drenched in booze and sweat, after a long night of drinking and dancing--stripping down into her slip, and hammering out her column that was due." </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Boland)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggCJv_OECeTWRsPol3FM1M-XADxofk4Jxka8v2AA4aqur1bJf9gf9s9PDNa0P8LgM0XB0iwwbhQwe5z-isKAhMEJy-ekRIed0YBTaB9ZiQrP4VZ08kCGFVek11_VnL2qXOacUBJbSY7td5/s1600/clara+bow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggCJv_OECeTWRsPol3FM1M-XADxofk4Jxka8v2AA4aqur1bJf9gf9s9PDNa0P8LgM0XB0iwwbhQwe5z-isKAhMEJy-ekRIed0YBTaB9ZiQrP4VZ08kCGFVek11_VnL2qXOacUBJbSY7td5/s320/clara+bow.jpg" width="244" /></span></a></div>
<h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Clara Bow</span></h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Clara Bow was considered the first "It Girl" of the 1920s. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">At the young age of 16, Bow caught the attention of Hollywood after winning a beauty pageant and went on to being a star on the Silver Screen. In 1927, she starred in the movie "It". The expression "It Girl" reached global attention with the debut of this film. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span">Clara Bow was considered to be one of the first sex symbols of Hollywood as she flaunted her sexuality at an age that was still shocking for such behavior. was perhaps one of the first silver screen sex sirens, flaunting her sexuality in an age when such behaviour was still shocking. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">("Clara Bow Biography")</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><i>Clara Bow's hit movie "It" from 1927.</i></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Zelda Fitzgerald</span></h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Zelda Fitzgerald, as the inspiration for a lot of the women in Scott's novels and short stories, she was considered the flapper of the Roaring Twenties in America's eyes. She was famous for not only being Scott's wife, but also for their notorious lifestyle. She often struggled to find her own identity outside of him but long before she met him she had a reputation for rebelliousness in Montgomery, Alabama. She encompassed what it meant to be a flapper with the bobbed hair, rouged cheeks, and short skirts, she "symbolized the revolution in manners, morals and values of the post-war era. "</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; line-height: 19px;">Her lifestyle made her a celebrity outside the literary world, and her husband called her "the first American Flapper." The two were notorious for public partying, and their drunken antics were a staple of society headlines in the 1920s." </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Rikard)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; line-height: 19px;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Coco Chanel</span></h4>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In 1920, Coco Chanel introduced the look called "garconne" meaning "little boy". She introduced her simple, short, and loose dress which allowed the flappers to have more freedom to move about as they please and dance all night. Today we know this as the "little black dress". To look more like a little boy, women would tightly wind their chest with strips of cloth to flatten them and achieve this look. Coco Chanel is credited with being one of the first women designers to embrace the masculine look of the period by rejecting the rigid corsetry of the past and celebrating the eras interest in boyish figures. This was the first time in centuries that designers had a different silhouette to work with and Chanel embraced it. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">(Jurousek)</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Party's Over</span></h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #262626;">By the end
of the 1920s, the stock market had crashed and the world was plunged into the Great Depression bringing the end to the decade long party. While this brought the end of the frivolity and carelessness and partying, this also brought a new era for women. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Flapper created an emotional and sexual culture for women and a new foundation for dating. N</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ot only did she shake the social norms and break out of the traditional female role, but she helped create a new youth identity.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Work Cited</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">Boland, Jesse. "4 Famous Flappers of the 1920s."</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;"><i>Flappers of the 1920s</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar 2013. <http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/flappers-of-the-1920s.html>.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">Brown, Shane. "Jack Pickford: The Man Who Had Everything." <i>Silent and Classic Movies</i>. WordPress, n. d. Web. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. <http://silentmovieblog.wordpress.com/tag/olive-thomas/>.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">Brown, Dorothy. <i>Setting a Course</i>. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1987. 32-33. Print.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">"Clara Bow Biography." <i>Clara Bow - Biography on Bio.</i>. Bio.. Web. 19 Mar 2013. <http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/clara-bow.html>.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">"Charles Dana Gibson and the Gibson Girls." <i>Gibson Girl</i>. N.p.. Web. 20 Mar 2013. <http://www.livelyroots.com/things/gibsongirl.htm>.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">Jurousek, Charlotte. "Art, Design, and Visual Thinking."<i>Historic Dress: Early Art Deco (1911-1929)</i>. N.p.. Web. 19 Mar 2013. <http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/dress/historic/earlyart/earlyart.htm>.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Rikard, Marlene. "Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald and the Jazz Age." <i>Alabama Moments in American History</i>. N.p.. Web. 20 Mar 2013. <http://www.alabamamoments.state.al.us/sec45det.html>.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Flappers in the Roaring Twenties."<i>Flappers in the Roaring Twenties</i>. About.com. Web. 20 Mar 2013. <http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/flappers.htm>.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">"The Twenties in Contemporary Commentary."<i>Becoming Modern: America in the 1920's</i>. (2012): 1. Print. <http://americainclass.org/sources/becomingmodern/modernity/text1/colcommentarymodernyouth.pdf>.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px;">Vadeboncoeur, Jim. "John Jeld, Jr.." <i>Illustrators</i>. JVJ Publishing, n.d. Web. 20 Mar 2013. <http://www.bpib.com/illustrat/johnheld.html>.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-31868959752942505122013-02-27T09:43:00.000-06:002013-02-27T09:43:03.829-06:00The Lost Generation<br />
The "Lost Generation" became disillusioned after their traumatic experiences that they endured during World War I. The group of writers who moved to Paris believed that America was intolerant, materialistic, and unspiritual. They helped to establish many of the styles and themes that are still used in literature today.<br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Origin</span><br />
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Stein quoted her car mechanic, You are all a "génération perdue."<br />
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Stein told Hemingway, "That is what you are. That's what you all are ... all of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation."<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPFeNaMM5c4JbD37qIpGlQu67ojU114_3mxlXLm2uG7fKjCVwlLtMZdYtffYrCE10KhuLANEd5xxHZPWTnKVHy_2N8oj1S9HhID4a_NivqwXQDDCAEtAMbNuIM_8EJSpLDQyVzTZrkJEE/s1600/Sun+Also+Rises+Cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPFeNaMM5c4JbD37qIpGlQu67ojU114_3mxlXLm2uG7fKjCVwlLtMZdYtffYrCE10KhuLANEd5xxHZPWTnKVHy_2N8oj1S9HhID4a_NivqwXQDDCAEtAMbNuIM_8EJSpLDQyVzTZrkJEE/s320/Sun+Also+Rises+Cover.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">"Wherein the 'lost generation' that followed the War goes to the devil with a smile on the lip but with despair in its heart."</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">The idiosyncrasies of "Lost Generation" authors</span><br />
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abandonment of materialism prevalent in America</div>
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idealism </div>
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philosophical musings</div>
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alcoholism </div>
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extramarital affairs </div>
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lived in Paris </div>
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created a mold for many future writers</div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Prominent Authors</span><br />
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The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, E.E. Cummings, Archibald MacLeish, Hart Crane, and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.<br />
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In the 1930s, as these writers turned in different directions, their works lost the distinctive stamp of the postwar period. The last representative works of the era were Fitzgerald’s Tender Is the Night (1934) and Dos Passos’ The Big Money (1936).<br />
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<div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Works Cited</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Fitch, Noel Riley.<i> Sylvia Beach and
the lost generation : a history of literary Paris in the twenties and
thirties</i>. New York : Norton, 1983. Print.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
"Lost Generation."
<i>Brittanica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d. Web. 27 Feb 2013.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
"The Lost Generation and 1920s Pop
Culture." <i>Tripod</i>. n.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb 2013.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
"The Sun Also Rises." <i>Flickr</i>.
n.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb 2013.</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-40605195000289290542013-02-22T04:10:00.000-06:002013-02-22T04:10:21.465-06:00Ernest Hemingway...Then Man, The Myth, The Mustache <br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<a href="http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/33919129/Ernest+Hemingway+hemingway460.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/33919129/Ernest+Hemingway+hemingway460.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">The Youth of a Legend...</b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ernest Hemingway was born July 21<sup>st</sup> in
Oak Park, Illinois. His parents owned a cabin in Northern Michigan where he
learned to hunt, fish and appreciate the outdoors. This learned appreciation
for the outdoors would go on to influence his adventurous nature later in life.
In high school Hemingway began his prolific career by writing for the school
newspaper. After graduating he started writing for the <i>Kansas City Star</i> at the extremely young age of 17. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">"On
the Star you were forced to learn to write a simple declarative sentence. This
is useful to anyone. Newspaper work will not harm a young writer and could help
him if he gets out of it in time."</span><u><span style="font-size: large;">-</span><span style="font-size: large;">Hemingway</span></u></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From an early age Hemingway was learning to write
directly, rather than in the expansive style of the time. This short, but
powerful, style of writing would go on to help him win the Nobel Prize.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b> Hemingway Goes to War...</b></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.bookdrum.com/images/books/139488_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.bookdrum.com/images/books/139488_o.jpg" width="261" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1918 Hemingway left his job as a writer and
went to serve in World War I. He served as an ambulance driver during the war,
and actually earned the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery. However, he was
wounded during the war, and spent a long time in recovery.</span><br />
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<a href="http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/61/6179/5X11100Z/posters/ernest-hemingway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/61/6179/5X11100Z/posters/ernest-hemingway.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">During his time in recovery, Hemingway proposed to a
nurse named Agnes von Kurowsky. She accepted, but she quickly turned around and
had an affair. A devastated Hemingway would later use this ammunition in his
book <i>A Farewell to Arms. </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>OOOOOHHHHH
CAAANNNAAADDDDAAAA…</b></span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">A young recovering Hemingway moved back to
Chicago where he met his first wife Hadley Richards. Hemmingway then took a job
with the <i>Toronto Star</i>. For which he
would work as a foreign correspondent and cover events like the Greek
Revolution.</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w4denKEp96A/T-lZ4qX4gHI/AAAAAAAAAuw/dsoK9gxZxGE/s1600/Hemingway-Capa-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="301" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w4denKEp96A/T-lZ4qX4gHI/AAAAAAAAAuw/dsoK9gxZxGE/s400/Hemingway-Capa-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Paris...</b></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">“If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris
as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life it stays with
you, for Paris is a moveable feast”</span><u>-Hemingway</u></span></span><u> </u></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hemingway and Hadley very quickly moved to Paris.
They joined Gertrude Stein’s “Lost Generation” where they interacted with the
key artists of the time, such as Fitzgerald and Picasso. During this time Hemingway
really began to develop his own unique style of writing. Hemingway’s
interactions with Fitzgerald were particularly interesting, and will be covered
later.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>It's a Boy...</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1923 the couple had a child named John Hadley
Nicanor Hemingway</span></div>
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<a href="http://media.paperblog.fr/i/455/4558830/ernest-hemingway-vie-daventure-L-r3mYkz.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://media.paperblog.fr/i/455/4558830/ernest-hemingway-vie-daventure-L-r3mYkz.jpeg" width="238" /></a>.</div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><br />The Birth of a Novel...</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1925 Hemingway and his wife joined a group of expatriates
to go to the Festival of San Fernin in Spain. This trip was Hemingway’s
inspiration for his most widely renowned book <i>The Sun Also Rises</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, after the book was published Hemingway
divorced his wife over an affair he was having. His mistress, Pauline Pfeiffer,
instantly became his next wife. </span></div>
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<a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTYw5Zjmj3uTqKOlK5e2MNYJQ5qPAapFoiWuRg-HKbo8H2cQBWy" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTYw5Zjmj3uTqKOlK5e2MNYJQ5qPAapFoiWuRg-HKbo8H2cQBWy" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Key West...</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYLzHTtQ6AxgWDOCB7zMqdU3bEsvX5n9K6I5SO6GDI7lD2_mOeOAag5QWW-rB7yjgwDb3pY-l8HfKXDHzMf96lG6ta2Hg9bcDgWvNchY2aesT7ha3etYSbFv_wR3_gAps_3v6kiV0kb4U/s1600/ernest-hemingway-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYLzHTtQ6AxgWDOCB7zMqdU3bEsvX5n9K6I5SO6GDI7lD2_mOeOAag5QWW-rB7yjgwDb3pY-l8HfKXDHzMf96lG6ta2Hg9bcDgWvNchY2aesT7ha3etYSbFv_wR3_gAps_3v6kiV0kb4U/s640/ernest-hemingway-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Predictably, Hemingway’s new wife became pregnant.
So in 1928 they moved to Key West, Florida. It was during this wild time that
Hemming way published his critically acclaimed novel <i>A Farewell to Arms.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><i><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Earning the Mustache...</b></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">During the 1930’s Hemmingway wrote, as well as
participated in the most </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">mind boggling</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> activities. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><i><span style="color: #351c75; font-size: large;">Big game hunting...</span></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgPrE-cIEvMpupESizP3BESqewuq21i_zEMJHj_pczgA43FuKZF0-h4RLV48J0JtxC2B6H68wLhgj89itb8Ns2JGPNH92s9oH2pFkYZZHVH4x5Ms5Zlfd8_v0TxCob0-_UBY9AzclvtW4a/s1600/Ernest_Hemingway_on_safari,_1934.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgPrE-cIEvMpupESizP3BESqewuq21i_zEMJHj_pczgA43FuKZF0-h4RLV48J0JtxC2B6H68wLhgj89itb8Ns2JGPNH92s9oH2pFkYZZHVH4x5Ms5Zlfd8_v0TxCob0-_UBY9AzclvtW4a/s320/Ernest_Hemingway_on_safari,_1934.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://media.oregonlive.com/books_impact/photo/hemingwayjpg-66e876db9e7211fc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://media.oregonlive.com/books_impact/photo/hemingwayjpg-66e876db9e7211fc.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><i><span style="color: #351c75; font-size: large;">Bull fighting...</span></i></span></div>
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<a href="http://thepamplonapost.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/hemingway-and-ordc3b3c3b1ez.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://thepamplonapost.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/hemingway-and-ordc3b3c3b1ez.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><i><span style="color: #351c75; font-size: large;">Deep sea fishing...</span></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSda99N8S3mR04YvFmTjx9ii8CwEu1UFhSOGCy7hkSsCJbB_hcmcQ" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSda99N8S3mR04YvFmTjx9ii8CwEu1UFhSOGCy7hkSsCJbB_hcmcQ" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/files/images/ernest-hemingway-trout-fishing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/files/images/ernest-hemingway-trout-fishing.jpg" width="210" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i><span style="line-height: 18px;">Borderline alcoholism...</span></i></span></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="color: blue;">"Write drunk, edit sober" <u>-Hemingway</u></b></span></blockquote>
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<a href="http://3.images.spike.com/images/blogs/sports/massives/ErnestHemingwayZomibe.jpg?quality=0.91" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="350" src="http://3.images.spike.com/images/blogs/sports/massives/ErnestHemingwayZomibe.jpg?quality=0.91" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Ummmm…Third
Time’s the Charm?</b></span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1937 Hemmingway was covering the Spanish Civil
War when he became infatuated with a female correspondent named Gellhorn.
Needless to say, he soon divorced Pauline and married Gellhorn. During his time
in Spain collected enough to write his next novel <i>For Whom the Bell Tolls</i>. This novel went on to become Hemingway’s
first work to be nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Cuba…</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_loz8kondQo1qearaqo1_1280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_loz8kondQo1qearaqo1_1280.jpg" width="262" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After remarrying, Hemingway purchased a farm near
Havana, Cuba where he would spend his winters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>World War II</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When World War II broke out, Hemmingway once again
became a correspondent. Hemingway was present at many crucial moments of the
war, including the legendary D-Day landing in France.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Marriages
of the Fourth Kind…</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">During his time covering WWII Hemmingway developed
an interest in a fellow correspondent named Mary Welsh. Soon after the war
ended, Hemingway divorced his third wife and married Welsh.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Success…</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ85le7oQEtfhwGDQlH5kzeEJM-i0iVTrJHgzV3D5qnYQIIYSI1" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ85le7oQEtfhwGDQlH5kzeEJM-i0iVTrJHgzV3D5qnYQIIYSI1" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1951 Hemingway published his Pulitzer Prize
winning book </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Old Man and the Sea</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.
Shortly after, in 1954 he won the Nobel Prize for literature</span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">The
Long Fall…</span></b></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://bricksandmortarpreservation.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/577px-ernest_hemingway_with_sons_patrick_and_gregory_with_kittens_in_finca_vigia_cuba.jpg?w=650&h=673" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://bricksandmortarpreservation.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/577px-ernest_hemingway_with_sons_patrick_and_gregory_with_kittens_in_finca_vigia_cuba.jpg?w=650&h=673" width="307" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">During this time of great success in Hemingway’s career,
his body and mind began to fail him. After sustaining countless injuries during
his lifetime, including surviving multiple plane crashes during his African
safaris, Hemingway was finally paying the piper. Hemingway moved to Idaho where
he spent the next decade in a tragic downward spiral.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Before
the Dawn…</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.kerleys-hunting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Ernest_Hemingway_at_the_Finca_Vigia_Cuba_-_NARA_cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.kerleys-hunting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Ernest_Hemingway_at_the_Finca_Vigia_Cuba_-_NARA_cropped.jpg" width="235" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">July 2<sup>nd</sup> 1961, Hemingway pushed to
shells into the barrels of his favorite shotgun, put the barrel in his mouth
and pulled the trigger. Hemingway’s steady decline had come to a disastrous and
undeserving end. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Such
Style…</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hemingway’s style of writing was very different from
his peers of the time. Most writers of the time, such as Fitzgerald, wrote in
long elegant sentences. Hemmingway
believed that writing in shorter, more powerful, sentences his writing was more
pure and superior. This style was created through his years as a reporter and
war correspondent. This short, but powerful, style of writing arguably mirrors
Hemingway’s lifestyle.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Fitzgerald
V. Hemingway</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">“ I never had any respect for him ever, except for
his lovely, golden wasted talent”-Hemingway on Fitzgerald</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.vol1brooklyn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/ernest-hemingway21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="http://www.vol1brooklyn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/ernest-hemingway21.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hemingway was an extremely competitive writer. He
would frequently compare the completion amongst writers to boxing. He would
then also call himself “the champ”. Hemingway’s direct writing style was
extremely different from Fitzgerald’s long and eloquent wordiness. Hemingway
was very oppressive toward threatening writers, and Fitzgerald frequently fell
victim to Hemingway’s competitive thrusts. I believe that the character Tom in <i>The Great Gatsby</i> is actually a fictional
representation of Hemmingway. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u>Work Cited</u></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: start; text-indent: -48px;">Gent, George. "Hemingway's Letters Tell of Fitzgerald." </span><i style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: start; text-indent: -48px;">New York Times</i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: start; text-indent: -48px;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2013.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; text-align: start;">"Ernest Hemmingway." 2013. </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">The Biography Channel website</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; text-align: start;">. Feb 21 2013</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: start;">, </span></div>
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Martin, Christopher D. "Ernest Hemingway: A Psychological Autopsy Of A Suicide." Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes 69.4 (2006): 351-361. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Feb. 2013.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505179209750680783noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-22486175284679857702013-02-18T02:36:00.000-06:002013-02-18T02:36:27.948-06:00Stein: A Source of Inspiration<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L6VXXvE_Tpo/USG8cZ489iI/AAAAAAAAAAU/JzMkdJ0ajXk/s1600/herself.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L6VXXvE_Tpo/USG8cZ489iI/AAAAAAAAAAU/JzMkdJ0ajXk/s320/herself.jpg" width="259" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gertrude Stein</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">"<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">One must dare to be happy</span>"</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;">Birth, Culture, and Family </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gertrude Stein was born on February 3, 1874 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania the daughter of wealthy German-Jewish immigrants. After moving from the U.S. to Europe, living in Vienna and Paris, the family returned to America and settled in Oakland, California. Gertrude's mother died when she was only 14, and she lost her father only four years after.</span></span> </span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">"<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">I could undertake to be an effi<span style="font-size: x-large;">cient pupil if it were possible to find an efficient teacher.</span></span></span>"</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: orange;">An Education<span style="font-size: large;">...or L</span>ack <span style="font-size: large;">T</span>hereof</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="color: black;">Gertrude Stein studied psychology at Radcliffe College under William James. She also studied medicine at Johns Hopkins for a short period of time. However, she did not receive a formal degree from either program. The jury is out whether she flunked or quit, most critics seem to agree it was a mixture of both.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stein with Toklas</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">"<b>America</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> is my</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> country, and Paris is my home</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>town.</b>"</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Answering the <span style="font-size: large;">Call to Return Home</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: yellow; font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 1903, Gertrude Stein moved to Paris wit<span style="font-size: small;">h her brother<span style="font-size: small;"> Leo<span style="font-size: small;">. Shortly after moving there, she met her secretary and lifelong partner in Alice <span style="font-size: small;">B.<span style="font-size: small;"> Toklas.<span style="font-size: small;"> She</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> lived in a flat with both Toklas and her brother on the Left Bank<span style="font-size: small;">, 27 rue de <span style="font-size: small;">Fleurus. </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DqpgTLa2eqA/USHEkPqNtaI/AAAAAAAAAA4/1KJSNm0YxXo/s1600/ruedefleurus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DqpgTLa2eqA/USHEkPqNtaI/AAAAAAAAAA4/1KJSNm0YxXo/s1600/ruedefleurus.jpg" /></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gertrude Stein lived here with her brother, Leo Stein and later Alice Toklas. She accepted many artists and writers here.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The walls of the studio apartment at 27 rue de fleurus quickly became filled with the diverse works of Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Juan Gris. The Stein collection is still a marvel today, and many famous museums, such as the MET and Smithsonian, have displayed exhibitions of it. </span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">"<b>Paris was the place that suited us who were to create the twent</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>ie</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>th cen</b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>tury art and literature.</b>" </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Salon at 27 rue de fleurus</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Gertrude Stein was a central figure in the Parisian art world," as a strong "advocate of the avant garde" (poetryfoundation). Combined with her brother being an avid art critic and amateur painter, Stein's home quickly became known as a center of art and art appreciation. Their home became a safe haven for young artists who became known as "new moderns," a term coined for their belief in creation of a "novel form of expression and a conscious break with the past" (poetryfoundation). <br /><br /> </span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Pablo Picasso<span style="font-size: small;"> and his portrait of Gertrude Stein</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YIIJnp5KX54/USHKzXIpc-I/AAAAAAAAABY/vPP7rSxqu74/s1600/artists2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YIIJnp5KX54/USHKzXIpc-I/AAAAAAAAABY/vPP7rSxqu74/s200/artists2.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Co3rC0eMrD0/USHKzTaGuaI/AAAAAAAAABU/C5OHDrAzJOg/s1600/artists4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Co3rC0eMrD0/USHKzTaGuaI/AAAAAAAAABU/C5OHDrAzJOg/s200/artists4.jpg" width="140" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Henri <span style="font-size: small;">Matisse and a piece of his from Stein's p<span style="font-size: small;">riva<span style="font-size: small;">te collection entitled, "Woman in a <span style="font-size: small;">Hat"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">"<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">You are all a lost generation<span style="font-size: x-large;">."</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stein, Fitzgerald<span style="font-size: large;"> and Heming<span style="font-size: large;">way</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stein's salons did not only attract artists, but writers as well. The likes of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway found their way into her studio apartment. To them she coined the phrase "the lost generation," to define those "expatriate American and English writers" who flocked to France between the world wars (poetryfoundation).</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L5E_p505zGM/USHSD6v1hRI/AAAAAAAAACE/jXsa2zoDPec/s1600/fitzgerald.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L5E_p505zGM/USHSD6v1hRI/AAAAAAAAACE/jXsa2zoDPec/s1600/fitzgerald.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">F. Scott Fitzgerald</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WHyEEEPYpuM/USHSDxvZ5BI/AAAAAAAAACI/rD9RTy5BiS4/s1600/hemingway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WHyEEEPYpuM/USHSDxvZ5BI/AAAAAAAAACI/rD9RTy5BiS4/s320/hemingway.jpg" width="316" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ernest Hemingway, who took Stein's term "the lost generation" and popularized it in his novel, The Sun also Rises</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: purple;">"<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">An <span style="font-size: x-large;">audience is warming, but it must <span style="font-size: x-large;">never be necessary to your work."</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Person<span style="font-size: large;">al<span style="font-size: large;">ity and Writing Style</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"She was an imposing figure, possessed of a remarkable self-confidence and a commanding manner" (poetryfoundation.org)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Stein had a personality that did not need the approval of those around her. <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">She led a lesbian life<span style="font-size: small;">sty<span style="font-size: small;">le, all b<span style="font-size: small;">ut married to Alice Toklas, who she stayed with until her death.<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;">When she would get together with male artists and writers, she would send their wi<span style="font-size: small;">ves off to be with Alic<span style="font-size: small;">e-showing that the two played <span style="font-size: small;">relatively traditional gen<span style="font-size: small;">der roles in their relationship, with Stein acting<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;">(and loo<span style="font-size: small;">king) the more manly of the two.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As a lover of modern art, Stein sought to accomplish the same rejection of traditional views on time and space through a literary form of "a spatial, process-oriented" one (poetryfoundation). </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oajP0OuFXfA/USHWgxh_XjI/AAAAAAAAACc/M7LelI_jnNk/s200/threelives.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="136" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Three Lives, published 1909</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"The identity of her characters<span style="font-size: small;"> as it </span>is revealed in unconscious habits
and rhythms of speech, the classification of all possible character
types, and the problem of laying out as a continuous present knowledge
that had accumulated over a period of time" are all<span style="font-size: small;"> ideas Stein likely acquired when studying under James at Rad<span style="font-size: small;">cliffe College </span></span>(poetryfoundation)</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QkhIyUB9rgc/USHYTEa-tPI/AAAAAAAAACs/5sTPvYJK1NE/s1600/makingofamericans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QkhIyUB9rgc/USHYTEa-tPI/AAAAAAAAACs/5sTPvYJK1NE/s320/makingofamericans.jpg" width="247" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Not trusting narration to convey the complexity of human behavior, Stein employed description to achieve what she called 'a continuous present.'</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /> On the idea of a continuous present, literary critic Katherine Anne Porter commented:</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>"The people in this world appear to be motionless at every stage of their
progress, each one is simultaneously being born, arriving at all ages
and dying. You perceive that it is a world without mobility, everything
takes place, has taken place, will take place; therefore nothing takes
place, all at once."</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-25QeWIA9vPI/USHbTjzG_VI/AAAAAAAAAC8/p0FEHEyni4c/s1600/tenderbuttons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-25QeWIA9vPI/USHbTjzG_VI/AAAAAAAAAC8/p0FEHEyni4c/s200/tenderbuttons.jpg" width="124" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tender Buttons, published 1912</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Devoid of logic, narration, and conventional grammar, it resembles a verbal collage" (poetryfondation)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>THE PROBLEM IS...</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>No one got it, except for her. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Most critics agree that, in an attempt to reduce language to abstraction, it had no meaning to anyone but her.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stein's most successful writing, <i>The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas</i>, was in fact an autobiography of herself. As her only writing that prescribed to a traditional, linear narrative, it was also her only widely-read one. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: magenta;">"Let me listen to me, and not to them."</span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stein in Summation</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /><br />Stein's contribution to 20th century literature "has largely been relegated to a secondary role," as more a personality and influence on the great writers and artists of the time than being one herself<span style="font-size: small;"> (poetry<span style="font-size: small;">foundation).<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Her stance as a woman uncon<span style="font-size: small;">cerned with <span style="font-size: small;">public opinion or success, and </span></span>h</span>er <span style="font-size: small;">appreciation and <span style="font-size: small;">encourag<span style="font-size: small;">ement of<span style="font-size: small;"> those whose genius had yet been recognized <span style="font-size: small;">arguably defined the course of history o<span style="font-size: small;">f art and l<span style="font-size: small;">anguage <span style="font-size: small;">development<span style="font-size: small;"> of <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">modern</span> times. Thus, <span style="font-size: small;">she is <span style="font-size: small;">a figure <span style="font-size: small;">inseparable</span> from <span style="font-size: small;">the devel<span style="font-size: small;">opment of modernism. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Works Cited</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Gertrude Stein." <i>Poetry Foundation</i>. Ed. Catherine Halley. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/gertrude-stein>. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />"Gertrude Stein." <i>poets.org</i>. Academy of American Poets, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/315>. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Gertrude Stein Quotes." <i>Brainy Quote</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/g/gertrude_stein.html>. </span></span></div>
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-82338190457911126092013-02-12T21:44:00.000-06:002013-02-12T21:44:18.929-06:00The Giggle Water Era<h3>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: x-large;">'Merica Shall be Dry</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Prohibition in the
United States was a measure designed to reduce drinking by eliminating the
businesses that manufactured, distributed, and sold alcoholic beverages. In the book, <em>Prohibition and Repeal, </em>Sylvia Engdahl stated that</span> the prohibition of alcohol was no sudden event and that throughout the nineteenth century, there had been several temperance movements
leading to the ban of alcohol (16). Temperance originally meant moderating the use
of alcohol but for most supporters it eventually came to mean prohibiting it
completely(Engdahl,16). <span style="line-height: 15pt;">The remedy for “the organic disease” was not to
convince people to stop drinking or to change their ingrained habits but to
stop the corrupting influences on the young and that was the predominant reason
for the Amendments to be passed. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">DID YOU KNOW?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">-It was never illegal to drink during Prohibition. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">The 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act, never barred </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">the <em>consumption </em>of alcohol-just making it, selling it </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">and shipping for mass production .</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDwKn3l8vLu0T5QnBAeTt_lC0w-JY1-0MMKoia4SMwQEgo-v3q6Hj-KW8d6bwxbMTtMKuEw6oYzWJEa7a_mlqFHhkYkYcPsc2zYVemJWT7G5wUMHOrDooMiZiOniMxVL2OIef4JSVurXFj/s1600/TIO+SAM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDwKn3l8vLu0T5QnBAeTt_lC0w-JY1-0MMKoia4SMwQEgo-v3q6Hj-KW8d6bwxbMTtMKuEw6oYzWJEa7a_mlqFHhkYkYcPsc2zYVemJWT7G5wUMHOrDooMiZiOniMxVL2OIef4JSVurXFj/s200/TIO+SAM.jpg" uea="true" width="148" /></a><b><b style="line-height: 15pt;"><span style="color: #073763; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The
Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution</span></b></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>Passed by
Congress December 18, 1917. Ratified January 16, 1919. Repealed by Amendment
XXI.<o:p></o:p></strong></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 15pt;">The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution
prohibits the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquor, and
the import or export of liquor, within the United States and its territories,
starting one year from the ratification of this Article. Both Congress and the
states shall have the power to pass laws to enforce this article (Engdahl, 14)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>The
Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution </strong></span></div>
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<span style="color: #073763; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong> </strong></span><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><strong>Passed by
Congress February 20, 1933. Ratified December 5, 1933</strong></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 15pt;">The Eighteenth Amendment is hereby repealed. The
transportation of intoxicating liquor into any state, territory, or possession
of the United States is hereby prohibited if the liquor is intended for delivery
or use in violation of that territory’s laws (Engdahl,15).</span><br />
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</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><b><span style="background: white; color: #073763; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The National
Prohibition Act (the Volstead Act)</span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Congress passed the
Volstead Act on October 18, 1919, and the law went into effect February 1,
1920. The Act was organized in two titles: the first instituted a system of
war-time prohibition that ran until the beginning of national Prohibition; the
second set out the system of national Prohibition and the
system for the regulation of production of industrial alcohol. The Volstead Act
banned the production and sale of alcoholic beverages unless for religious or
medical purposes. The Act defined intoxicating beverages to include those that
contained as little as one half of one per cent alcohol, but it allowed for the
manufacture, possession, and use of alcoholic beverages in private homes. It
also contains a specific provision limiting
searches of private homes under the Act (Okrent, 96).<span class="apple-converted-space"><i> </i></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Prohibition became possible with the support of Woman's </span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #0b5394;"> </span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;">"NO MORE RUMMIES!"</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"><em><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: x-small;"> Supporters of Prohibition:</span></em></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 20px;">-Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform (WONPR)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 20px;">-Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 20px;">-Prohibition Party</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 20px;">-Methodist Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 20px;"><strong>-</strong>Anti-Saloon League</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: x-large;">But we want John Barleycorn Back!</span></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcNfV42imcpSw0Ri1-lQUSz3XpJVk1lz5SwxSc9altbB8Kdax_q408wS-JEiYFfTXKCiGgV6RGyvhW-HVEEZurgluIv7iEUgH3cvvnLfM4T3WZwNj3dBKglY_h_2aHBKRRpac6xekrRgy0/s1600/MJPPROHIBITION.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcNfV42imcpSw0Ri1-lQUSz3XpJVk1lz5SwxSc9altbB8Kdax_q408wS-JEiYFfTXKCiGgV6RGyvhW-HVEEZurgluIv7iEUgH3cvvnLfM4T3WZwNj3dBKglY_h_2aHBKRRpac6xekrRgy0/s320/MJPPROHIBITION.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUHhcgJbyMW-5wZqEjSnSo9ZB1Wg_dQv1599T6E3CCr1TvelsoYiedO_h-S_z_oEyRHV5EeNjjdp5mnGlqYgPFq9m8uDerA1z06QyDE5ZCl2-HllS-5q3fDl9rUeuR9FRb54xg2OaXS_xq/s1600/MJPHEEL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUHhcgJbyMW-5wZqEjSnSo9ZB1Wg_dQv1599T6E3CCr1TvelsoYiedO_h-S_z_oEyRHV5EeNjjdp5mnGlqYgPFq9m8uDerA1z06QyDE5ZCl2-HllS-5q3fDl9rUeuR9FRb54xg2OaXS_xq/s200/MJPHEEL.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The prohibition of alcohol was intended to better society and end with the "evil" of alcohol but that was far from what happened. People turned to different options to obtain alcohol. Some people started to produce their own drink at home from wood alcohol and medical supplies, others would sell bootleg liquor in undercover bars called Speakeasies. Speakeasies were pretty interesting because in order to get in, you needed to give a password. Many people who were against Prohibition would not work, instead they would strike. Also, fashion had a great role during Prohibition. People who had obtained their "hooch" wanted to take it to parties and that is when they would wear the elaborate clothes shown below. The vial fixed in the high-heel shoe could hold a full</span> <span style="font-size: small;">shot of whiskey.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">DID YOU KNOW? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">While Speakeasies were regarded as </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">higher class, with food and entertainment, </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">the term "blind pig" was used for dive bars, </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">where costumers would pay to see an </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">animal and receive a complementary drink.</span></div>
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"Who is this Gatsby anyhow?" demanded Tom Suddenly.</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">"Some big booglegger?"</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">(Fitzgerald,107)</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: x-large;">BACKFIRE OF PROHIBITION</span></h2>
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Prohibition had a great impact in the American society and even though the point of Prohibition was to turn America's society into a "clean" and "pure" one, it turned out to be the opposite. One negative effect about Prohibition in society was that it drove people to go against the law. There were all sorts of underground alcohol smuggling usually referred to as "bootlegging". During Prohibition the respect for religion was gone, especially after the Volstead Act was passed. As mentioned before, the Volstead Act banned the production and sale of alcoholic beverages unless for religious or medical purposes.<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 20px;"> In Daniel Okrent's "Last Call", is a very interesting phrase that followed the fact that the Volstead Act allowed rabbis to distribute sacramental wines to synagogue members. It said that "wine congregations" exploded in size, and wine stores opened in Jewish Neighborhoods (34).</span></span></div>
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One of the worst things that Prohibition brought to the American Society was the organized crime. During Prohibition, corruption in the government increased due to the bribery that took place between organized crime leaders like Alphonse "Scar face" Capone and politicians. There was a lot of "dirty" business during this time period. </div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">DID YOU KNOW?</span><br />
Al Capone earned $60 million annually selling illegal liquor.<br />
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<span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: large;">TIME TO BEAT IT!</span></h3>
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I have to say that Prohibition was a very interesting thing to happen to the American Society. Most of the time people will only relate it to alcohol but I have learned it goes beyond that. It had great effects on the society we now live in. I really encourage you to look more into it because you never know what surprising thing you might learn. </div>
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Works Cited</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">"Al Capone." </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">History.com</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">Engdahl, Sylvia. </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">Amendments XVIII and XXI: Prohibition and Repeal</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven, 2009. Print.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">Okrent, Daniel. </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">. New York: Scribner, 2010. Print</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif;">http://local.aaca.org/bntc/slang/slang.htm</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif;">http://www.conciergepreferred.com/chicago-guide/4340-fun-facts-about-prohibition-in-1920s-chicago.html</span></span></div>
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Maria Padgetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08096665652922266535noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-89494737356682031112013-02-04T01:41:00.002-06:002013-02-04T01:45:09.338-06:00An American Tragedy of Love and Loss<h2>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Hi, my name is...</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald or, more commonly known as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was born on September 24th, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota. His father, Edward Fitzgerald, was a "failed wicker furniture salesman" and his mother, Mary "Mollie" McQuillan, was an "Irish immigrant with a large inheritance" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/m0x0">http://tinyurl.com/m0x0</a>). He was named after a distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, who is most famously known for writing our national anthem, The Star Spangled Banner. He grew up surrounded by "a solidly Catholic and upper middle class environment" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/m0x0">http://tinyurl.com/m0x0</a>). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Fitzgerald "attended the St. Paul Academy" and began his writing career at the age of 13 for the school newspaper (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/auntvf">http://tinyurl.com/auntvf</a>). From 1911-1913, "he attended the Newman school, a Catholic prep school in New Jersey" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/auntvf">http://tinyurl.com/auntvf</a>). Later, Fitzgerald was in the Class of 1917 at Princeton University. While there, he "wrote scripts and lyrics for the Princeton Triangle Club musicals, wrote for the Princeton Tiger humor magazine, and the Nassau Literary Magazine" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/auntvf">http://tinyurl.com/auntvf</a>). Fitzgerald dropped out of college and joined the army in 1917 where he was later "commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/auntvf">http://tinyurl.com/auntvf</a>). </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">All Is Fair In Love & War</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i>"I fell in love with her courage, her sincerity and her flaming self-respect and it's these things I'd believe in even if the whole world indulged in wild suspicions that she wasn't all that she should be. But of course the real reason is that I love her and that's the beginning and end of everything."</i></span> </blockquote>
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<i style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"> - F. Scott Fitzgerald </i></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> In 1918 while stationed at Camp Sheridan in Montgomery, AL, he met 18 year old Zelda Sayre, daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court Judge. They soon became engaged, but after numerous publisher rejections, Zelda began doubting his financial security. In 1919, Zelda called off their engagement just as Fitzgerald was discharged from the army. He then headed to New York City to secure a steady source of income at an advertising agency. After a short term of employment, he soon quit this job and moved back to St. Paul. In 1917, he had "submitted his first novel for publication" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/m0x0">http://tinyurl.com/m0x0</a>). After two rejections, it was finally accepted and published in 1920 by Charles Scribner's Sons. Finally feeling comfortable with their financial future, Zelda and F. Scott married a week after the novel's publication on March 26th, 1920. </span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">The Jazz Age's Golden Couple</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> To provide for him and his new bride, Fitzgerald wrote short stories for the magazine, <i>Saturday Evening Post. </i>These short stories focused on young, free-thinking, independent Americans.<i> </i>In October 1921, Fitzgerald and Zelda celebrated the birth of their first and only child, Frances Scott "Scottie". Life was not easy for the new family. This turmoil led Zelda to have an extramarital affair with a French naval aviator in 1924. From 1924-1929, the Fitzgeralds traveled and lived in France, Rome, Paris, and Wilmington, Delaware. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> The majority of Fitzgerald's novels were written during the family's five years of traveling. His first published novel was originally titled <i>The Romantic Egoist</i>, but he later changed it to be <i>This Side of Paradise</i>. Other novels include <i>The Beautiful and Damned</i>, <i>Tender is the Night</i>, and <i>The Great Gatsby. </i>Shockingly, most of his income came from the 160 magazine stories he wrote throughout his life rather than his novels. The income from all of his works was under $25,000 a year. This number is quite large in comparison to the meager school teacher's annual income of $1,299 at that time. Yet, the family spent money faster than they earned and were the epitome of consumerism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Sadly, Fitzgerald never knew the impact of his novel, <i>The Great Gatsby. </i>It did not gain popularity until the 1950's when more people began to imagine their own American dreams. Kimberly Hearne, a journalist who analyzed <i>The Great Gatsby</i>, described Fitzgerald's American dream as being "ambiguous, contradictory, romantic in nature, and undeniably beautiful while at the same time grotesquely flawed" (189). All throughout his novel, we see superficial stereotypes portrayed by the characters who are "emotionally isolated from each other" (189). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i>"That is part of the beauty of all literature. You discover that your longings are universal longings, that you're not lonely and isolated from anyone. You belong."</i></span> </blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i> - F. Scott Fitzgerald</i></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i>"Our love was one in a century. Life ended for me when Zelda and I crashed. If she would get well, I would be happy again and my soul would be released. Otherwise, never." - F. Scott Fitzgerald</i></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> After 3 years of intense ballet in hopes of becoming a professional ballerina, Zelda suffered her first mental breakdown in 1930 at the age of 27. Her illness was first diagnosed as "nervous exhaustion", but was later proven to be a severe case of schizophrenia. She was treated at Prangins clinic in Switzerland until September 1931. The diagnosis of Zelda's mental illness began the collapse of their family and continued until her death in 1948. After her breakdown, Fitzgerald began drinking heavily and suffered from writer's block. With his daughter away in boarding school and his family drowning in debt, Fitzgerald made the agonizing decision to send Scottie to live with a surrogate family as he felt he and Zelda were no longer capable of caring for her. However, Scottie was never far from Fitzgerald's heart and he wrote letters fervently to her until his death. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> In 1937, Fitzgerald obtained a contract to write for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood. While there, he fell in love with a movie columnist named Sheilah Graham. Although in very poor physical health, Fitzgerald moved in with Sheilah where they lived happily together for the next three years. While at their home on December 21, 1940, Fitzgerald suffered a fatal heart attack while drafting a novel about Hollywood and thus, the celebrated author's life came to a sudden close at the young age of 44. Sadly, Fitzgerald died believing he was a failure.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Following the deaths of her parents, Scottie Fitzgerald went on to be a writer and journalist for <i>The Washington Post </i>and <i>The New Yorker</i>. She married Samuel Jackson "Jack" Lanahan, Sr. and they had 4 children together. After her first marriage ended in divorce, she later married Grove Smith. Unfortunately, their marriage also ended in divorce in 1979. Scottie died in 1986 from esophageal cancer which was probably brought on by alcoholism. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Scottie's daughter, Eleanor, is credited for all the information about her mother. Little information could be found on Scottie because she "refused to discuss her parents or childhood with anyone, even her closest friends and family"</span><span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">(<a href="http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak">http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak</a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">)</span><span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">. However, Scottie left an "autobiographical "diary" for her children", but "she stopped at 74 typed pages" (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak">http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak</a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">).</span><span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Scottie never believed that "her life was interesting enough" so she never wrote an autobiography (<a href="http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak">http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak</a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">)</span><span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">. Thankfully for us, Eleanor thought "her mother was too remarkable an individual for her story to remain in storage"(<a href="http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak">http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak</a></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">)</span><span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">. </span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i>"I think that if people are not crazy, they get themselves out of crazy situations, so I have never been able to buy the notion that it was my father's drinking which led her to the sanitarium. Nor do I think she led him to the drinking. I simply don't know the </i></span><span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i>answer, and of course, that is the conundrum that keeps the legend going." </i></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><i> - Scottie Fitzgerald</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Eleanor spent five years researching various sources in order to produce her mother's biography. Scottie dealt with her parent's baffling lives the only way she knew how. She believed that "there was only one way for me to survive my parents' tragedy, and that was to ignore it"(<a href="http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak">http://tinyurl.com/bf946ak</a></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">).</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zRz1HUt4bw0/UQ83BAYm4KI/AAAAAAAAASw/8Cm3_ccJwhg/s1600/blake+hazard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="236" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zRz1HUt4bw0/UQ83BAYm4KI/AAAAAAAAASw/8Cm3_ccJwhg/s320/blake+hazard.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">F. Scott & Zelda Fitzgerald's great-granddaughter, Blake, is currently an indie-pop vocalist </td></tr>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/CtAhomqwMnw?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7ldBPuyWwb4/UQ87uDIHVII/AAAAAAAAATA/NhcoAYzPTTo/s1600/timeline+of+his+life.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-align: right;"><br /></span></a>Blake recording with her band, The Submarines</div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I thoroughly enjoyed researching F. Scott Fitzgerald and his life. Although intriguing, his life story left me with feelings of sadness. I am very family oriented and therefore, I couldn't imagine living my life so distant, separated, and in such turmoil as the Fitzgeralds. I've read <i>The Great Gatsby</i> twice and, after learning more about his other novels, I am looking forward to reading them as well.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><u><b>Works Cited</b></u></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">Bruccoli, Matthew J. "A Brief Life of Fitzgerald." Web. 3 Feb. 2013.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">Hearne, Kimberly. "Fitzgerald's Rendering of a Dream." </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">The Explicator</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;"> 68.3 (2010): 189. </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">EBSCOhost</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-indent: -48px;">. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: -48px;">Sever- Kretzmer, Sybil. "Fitzgerald Through Other Eyes." </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: -48px;">Los Angeles Times</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: -48px;">. N.p., 24 Sept. 1995. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: -48px;">Willett, Erika. "The Sensible Thing: Biographies." </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: -48px;">Pbs.org</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: -48px;">. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.</span></div>
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7777138222073085080.post-71120246944464646822013-01-31T09:53:00.003-06:002013-01-31T09:54:50.305-06:00Welcome!<div style="text-align: justify;">
Welcome to The Roaring Twenties blog for Honors English 2328: American Literature II! This blog is a result of the collaborative efforts of students enrolled in ENGL 2328 at Collin College, Spring Creek Campus, in Plano, Texas.</div>
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In this space, students will post the results of their multimedia projects throughout the semester. These projects are intended as ways for the class to learn more about some of the important issues and figures from the 1920s. Each student's blog post will provide information about his/her assigned topic or person, include images to represent the assigned topic or person, make connections with the work we are doing in class, and reference sources that the student found useful.</div>
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Please feel free to leave any comments on the work here, or e-mail with any questions. We hope you enjoy this blog, find it a useful resource, and enjoy learning about the 1920s as much as we are!</div>
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Lisa A. Kirby, Ph.D.<br />
Professor of English<br />
Collin College<br />
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<br />Lisa Kirbyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14599621681971835364noreply@blogger.com0